Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n = 132)
|
Demographics
|
n
(%)
|
mean ± SD
|
Medications
|
n
(%)
|
mean ± SD |
| Age (yr) | 70 ± 16 | Antiplatelet agents | 64 (48) | ||
| Sex (male) | 86 (65) | Anticoagulants | 36 (27) | ||
| Race (White) | 96 (73) | NSAIDs | 28 (21) | ||
| Presentation | Medical interventions | ||||
| In-hospital bleeding | 64 (48) | ICU admission | 66 (50) | ||
| Hematemesis | 25 (19) | Hypotension requiring vasopressors | 39 (30) | ||
| Melena | 93 (70) | Blood transfusion (units) | 4 ± 4 | ||
| Hematochezia | 29 (22) | ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112 ± 22 | Endoscopic findings | |||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 63 ± 14 | Time to endoscopy (h) | 29 ± 29 | ||
| Heart rate (BPM) | 95 ± 19 | Ulcer location (gastric) | 54 (41) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8 ± 2 | Forrest classification | |||
| Platelets (103/µL) | 275 ± 129 | Ia | 13 (10) | ||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 51 ± 29 | Ib | 47 (36) | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.6 ± 1 | IIa | 72 (55) | ||
| Glasgow-Blatchford score | 15 ± 3 | Size (mm) | 13 ± 9 | ||
| Medical history | Endoscopic interventions | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 55 (42) | Additional modality | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 37 (28) | Thermal therapy | 60 (45) | ||
| Active malignancy | 18 (14) | Clipping | 53 (40) | ||
| Chronic renal dysfunction | 59 (45) | Both thermal therapy and clipping | 19 (14) | ||
| Dialysis use | 22 (17) | Epinephrine volume (mL) | 5.5 ± 3 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 11 (8) | Large-volume epinephrine use (≥10 mL) | 18 (14) |
BP: Blood pressure; BPM: Beats per minute; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; ICU: Intensive care unit; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.