Table 2.
Univariate and multivariable analyses of variables associated with skeletal muscle abnormalities and function in 105 patients with chronic hepatitis B
|
Variables
|
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariable analysis
|
||||||
|
Low ALMBMI
| ||||||||
|
Present n = 22
|
Absent n = 83
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P
value
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P
value
|
|
| Male/Female n (%) | 13 (59.1)/9 (40.9) | 48 (57.8)/35 (42.2) | 1.05 | 0.41-2.73 | 0.92 | - | - | - |
| Age > 50 yr | 13 (59.1) | 33 (39.8) | 2.19 | 0.84-5.70 | 0.1 | 1.03 | 0.98-1.08 | 0.2 |
| High ABSI (m11/6.kg−2/3) | 10 (45.5) | 16 (19.3) | 3.49 | 1.29-9.50 | 0.01 | 3.53 | 1.18-10.60 | 0.03 |
| Compensated cirrhosis | 9 (40.9) | 16 (19.3) | 2.9 | 1.06-7.96 | 0.03 | 1.64 | 0.51-5.27 | 0.41 |
| MAFLD | 11 (50.0) | 18 (21.7) | 3.61 | 1.35-9.68 | 0.008 | 3.81 | 1.30-11.19 | 0.02 |
| Low IPAQ (< 600 met-min/wk) | 19 (86.4) | 46 (55.4) | 5.09 | 1.40-18.55 | 0.01 | 3.13 | 1.17-8.32 | 0.02 |
| Polypharmacy1 | 4 (18.2) | 6 (7.2) | 2.85 | 0.73-11.17 | 0.21 | - | - | - |
| Variables | Low HGS | |||||||
| Present n = 22 | Absent n = 83 | OR | 95%CI | P value | OR | 95%CI | P value | |
| Male/Female n (%) | 12 (54.5)/10 (45.5) | 49 (59.0)/34 (41.0) | 0.83 | 0.32-2.14 | 0.7 | - | - | - |
| Age > 50 years | 11 (50.0) | 35 (42.2) | 1.37 | 0.58-3.51 | 0.51 | - | - | - |
| High ABSI (m11/6.kg−2/3) | 10 (45.5) | 16 (19.3) | 3.49 | 1.29-9.50 | 0.01 | 3.54 | 1.26-9.89 | 0.02 |
| Compensated cirrhosis | 8 (36.4) | 17 (20.5) | 2.22 | 0.80-6.15 | 0.12 | 1.45 | 0.46-4.55 | 0.53 |
| MAFLD | 10 (45.5) | 19 (22.9) | 2.81 | 1.05-7.50 | 0.04 | 2.85 | 1.02-7.91 | 0.04 |
| Low IPAQ (< 600 met-min/wk) | 13 (59.1) | 52 (62.7) | 0.86 | 0.33-2.25 | 0.76 | - | - | - |
| Polypharmacy1 | 5 (22.7) | 5 (6.0) | 4.59 | 1.19-17.63 | 0.02 | 3.13 | 0.74-13.22 | 0.12 |
| Variables | Low physical performance | |||||||
| Present n = 31 | Absent n = 74 | OR | 95%CI | P value | OR | 95%CI | P value | |
| Male/Female n (%) | 17 (54.8)/14 (45.2) | 44 (59.5)/30 (40.5) | 0.83 | 0.36-1.93 | 0.66 | - | - | - |
| Age > 50 years | 21 (67.7) | 61 (82.4) | 0.45 | 0.17-1.17 | 0.1 | 0.69 | 0.46-1.05 | 0.08 |
| High ABSI (m11/6.kg−2/3) | 7 (22.6) | 19 (25.7) | 0.84 | 0.32-2.27 | 0.74 | - | - | - |
| Compensated cirrhosis | 6 (19.4) | 19 (25.7) | 0.69 | 0.25-1.96 | 0.49 | - | - | - |
| MAFLD | 9 (29.0) | 20 (27.0) | 1.1 | 0.44-2.80 | 0.83 | - | - | - |
| Low IPAQ (< 600 met-min/wk) | 21 (67.7) | 44 (59.5) | 1.43 | 0.59-3.47 | 0.43 | - | - | - |
| Polypharmacy1 | 6 (19.4) | 4 (5.4) | 4.2 | 1.09-16.13 | 0.06 | 5.69 | 1.38-23.44 | 0.02 |
1
Defined as regular use of at least five medications.
n: Number of patients; ALMBMI: Low appendicular lean mass adjusted by body mass index; ABSI: A Body Shape Index; MAFLD: (Metabolic associated fatty liver disease) according to an international expert consensus statement [21]; IPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (normal: ≥ 600 METs-min/wk); HGS: Hand grip strength.