TABLE 3.
Quality control and chemical analysis of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. extracts in the selected studies.
| Study | Source | Concentration (%) | Quality control reported? (Yes/No) | Chemical analysis reported? (Yes/No) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firdaus Azmi et al. (2021) | Selangor and Penang, Malaysia | 10 | Yes- Standardization based on active compounds | Yes-UPLC |
| Ugusman et al. (2020) | Penang, Malaysia | 10 | Yes-Standardization based on active compounds | Yes-HPLC |
| Mohd Zainudin et al. (2019) | Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia | 10 | Yes-FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging assays | Yes-HPLC |
| Fauzy et al. (2019) | Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia | 10 | No | No |
| Alwi et al. (2018) | Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia | 10 | Yes-Protocol citation | No |
| Mohd Zainudin et al. (2015) | Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia | 10 | Yes- DPPH radical and superoxide scavenging assays | No |
| Sallehuddin et al. (2020) | Selangor, Malaysia | 10 | Yes- DPPH radical scavenging assay | Yes-HPLC |
| Wongsa et al. (2012) | Chiangrai province, Thailand | 5 | Yes- TPC, DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant protection factor assays | Yes-HPLC |
| Thent and Das (2015) | Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia | 5 | Yes-Protocol citation | No |
| Luangpirom et al. (2014) | Khon Kaen Province, Thailand | 20 | Yes-Protocol citation | No |
| Hussan et al. (2013) | Selangor, Malaysia | 10 | Yes-Protocol citation | No |
| Thent et al. (2012a) | Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia | 5 | Yes-Protocol citation | No |
| Thent et al. (2012b) | Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia | 5 | Yes-Protocol citation | No |
| Peungvicha et al. (1998) | Bangkok, Thailand | 30 | No | No |
DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, FRAP, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power activity; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; UPLC, ultra performance liquid chromatography; TPC, total phenolic content.