Table 3.

Depression and overall survival of patients with head and neck cancer.

Stages 1 and 2
Outcome	Psychiatric outpatient care for depression	HR	95% CI
Death	No depression	1.00
	Pre-cancer only	1.50a	1.32–1.70
	Both before and after cancer	1.44a	1.27–1.62
	Post-cancer only	1.26a	1.13–1.39
Stages 3 and 4
Outcome	Psychiatric outpatient care for depression	HR	95% CI
Death	No depression	1.00
	Pre-cancer only	1.30a	1.21–1.39
	Both before and after cancer	1.04b	0.95–1.13
	Post-cancer only	0.78a	0.73–0.84

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aThe P value is <.001.

^bThe P value is 0.455.