Fig. 3.

Photomicrograph of induced mandibular defects at 1 months (a–d) and 3 months (e–h) following surgery. At 1 month, control defects were filled with loose connective tissue (a), calcium silicate group demonstrated filling of the defect site with dense connective tissue (b), 3 % calcium silicate-doped iron oxide group demonstrated areas of new bone formation (c), and 10% calcium silicate-doped iron oxide demonstrated interconnected bone trabeculae and osteoblasts were seen within bony trabeculae and on periphery (d). At 3 months, control defects were occupied by osteoid tissue (e), calcium silicate group defects occupied by bone tissue with osteoblastic proliferation (f), 3 % calcium silicate-doped iron oxide group defects showed filling of the defect with more organized bone tissue (g), and 10% calcium silicate-doped iron oxide group demonstrated mature bone formation with haversian canals (h) (H & E stain; Scale bar: 100 µm).