Dots indicate the percentage changes associated with a 1-unit increase in the formaldehyde exposure index; error bars, 95% CIs; BCF, beat cross frequency; DFI, DNA fragmentation index; GSHPx, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; NSM, normal sperm morphology; NG, neutral glucosidase; PSM, progressive sperm motility; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TSM, total sperm motility; VAP, average path velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; and VSL, straight line velocity.
aP < .001.
bP < .01.
cP < .005.