Table 2.
Summary Statistics by business ownership (Full baseline sample)
| (1) | (2) | (3) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Business | No business | ||||||
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | (3) - (2) | p-value | |
| Panel A: Household Characteristics | ||||||||
| Female head dummy | 0.27 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.12** | (0.00) |
| HH head has no educ | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.15*** | (0.00) |
| HH head has any primary educ | 0.62 | 0.49 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.49 | –0.02 | (0.62) |
| HH head has any secondary educ | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.16 | 0.37 | –0.13** | (0.00) |
| Household size | 5.12 | 2.48 | 5.55 | 2.15 | 5.02 | 2.54 | –0.53* | (0.02) |
| Has mobile dummy | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.91 | 0.29 | 0.65 | 0.48 | –0.26*** | (0.00) |
| Risk taking 0–10 | 5.14 | 2.58 | 6.13 | 2.38 | 4.92 | 2.57 | –1.21*** | (0.00) |
| Patience 0–10 | 5.05 | 2.54 | 5.61 | 2.44 | 4.92 | 2.54 | –0.69** | (0.00) |
| Panel B: Consumption and Assets | ||||||||
| Total Expenditure | 237.96 | 187.62 | 324.83 | 230.60 | 218.33 | 170.68 | –106.51*** | (0.00) |
| Expenditure per adult equivalent | 80.36 | 62.92 | 101.64 | 69.01 | 75.55 | 60.49 | –26.09*** | (0.00) |
| Food Expenditure | 147.81 | 135.43 | 200.63 | 160.00 | 135.87 | 126.37 | –64.76*** | (0.00) |
| Any hungry days | 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.04 | (0.33) |
| Total Wealth exc Land | 824.13 | 1249.87 | 1327.53 | 1413.55 | 710.37 | 1181.82 | –617.16*** | (0.00) |
| Assets | 474.25 | 683.55 | 803.11 | 969.31 | 399.93 | 576.17 | –403.17*** | (0.00) |
| Livestock | 285.50 | 785.40 | 312.66 | 662.57 | 279.36 | 810.98 | –33.30 | (0.62) |
| Savings | 103.04 | 234.54 | 228.95 | 325.40 | 74.59 | 198.20 | –154.36*** | (0.00) |
| Net borrowing | 38.66 | 215.97 | 17.19 | 326.08 | 43.51 | 182.19 | 26.32 | (0.38) |
| Own land dummy | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.91 | 0.28 | 0.90 | 0.30 | –0.01 | (0.64) |
| Land value | 4724.11 | 7267.66 | 5194.76 | 8068.86 | 4617.76 | 7077.55 | –577.00 | (0.46) |
| Panel C: Income | ||||||||
| Total Income | 91.72 | 144.01 | 208.77 | 239.08 | 65.27 | 93.78 | –143.50*** | (0.00) |
| Crop sales | 40.16 | 67.43 | 45.93 | 79.47 | 38.86 | 64.41 | –7.07 | (0.35) |
| Livestock sales | 2.62 | 9.69 | 4.15 | 11.45 | 2.28 | 9.23 | –1.88 | (0.09) |
| Enterprise profit | 25.32 | 96.26 | 137.38 | 187.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 | –137.38*** | (0.00) |
| Labour income | 27.41 | 70.13 | 28.07 | 81.73 | 27.26 | 67.32 | –0.81 | (0.92) |
| Net transfers | −2.22 | 8.77 | −4.71 | 10.92 | −1.66 | 8.12 | 3.05** | (0.00) |
| Rental income | 0.97 | 5.21 | 1.97 | 7.61 | 0.74 | 4.47 | –1.23 | (0.08) |
| Panel D: Labour Supply | ||||||||
| Total labour supply | 37.23 | 28.29 | 52.07 | 34.00 | 33.88 | 25.70 | –18.19*** | (0.00) |
| Farm labour supply | 24.46 | 19.63 | 23.33 | 22.06 | 24.72 | 19.05 | 1.38 | (0.51) |
| Livestock labour supply | 5.17 | 10.58 | 7.05 | 12.00 | 4.75 | 10.20 | –2.30* | (0.05) |
| Casual labour supply | 3.37 | 7.20 | 2.02 | 5.54 | 3.67 | 7.49 | 1.65** | (0.01) |
| Salaried labour supply | 0.95 | 4.86 | 1.83 | 7.15 | 0.75 | 4.15 | –1.09 | (0.10) |
| Enterprise labour supply | 3.29 | 9.18 | 17.83 | 14.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | –17.83*** | (0.00) |
| Panel E: Poverty levels | ||||||||
| WB poverty line income | 0.87 | 0.34 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.91 | 0.28 | 0.23*** | (0.00) |
| WB poverty line expenditure | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.17*** | (0.00) |
| Number of households | 689 | 127 | 562 | 689 | ||||
Note: All statistics are reported from the pre-pandemic March 2020 in-person survey. Business refers to households which had a non-farm business in March 2020. The variables are described in the Table A2. WB poverty line if the proportion of households that are categorised as "poor” according to the World Bank global poverty line of $1.90 per person per day in 2011 PPP. All nominal values are reported at the World Bank 2018 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) conversion factor for private expenditure for Uganda: 1 USD =1,223.25 Ugandan Shilling