Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of participants according to the severity of NAFLD.
| Non-Fatty liver (n=49371) | Mild NAFLD (n=14596) | Moderate NAFLD (n=6542) | Severe NAFLD (n=1417) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.36 ± 13.20 | 52.88 ± 11.50 | 52.94 ± 11.57 | 52.40 ± 11.54 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 36421 (73.77) | 11268 (77.20) | 5042 (77.07) | 1063 (75.02) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.32 ± 9.39 | 91.06 ± 8.48 | 93.62 ± 8.86 | 96.80 ± 9.59 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, (kg/m2) | 23.98 ± 3.07 | 26.92 ± 2.98 | 28.20 ± 3.23 | 29.88 ± 3.82 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3234 (6.55) | 2169 (14.86) | 1291 (19.73) | 349 (24.63) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 19925 (40.36) | 9386 (64.31) | 4753 (72.65) | 1075 (75.86) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity≥3 times/wk, (%) | 7212 (14.61) | 1937 (13.27) | 1000 (15.28) | 264 (18.63) | <0.001 |
| Current or previous smoking, n (%) | 14344 (29.05) | 4584 (31.41) | 1858 (28.40) | 422 (29.78) | <0.001 |
| Education(college/university), n (%) | 3558(4.95) | 939(6.43) | 376(5.75) | 70(4.94) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.87 ± 20.56 | 135.58 ± 20.83 | 139.77 ± 20.87 | 144.15 ± 21.28 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.51 ± 11.24 | 86.19 ± 11.51 | 88.76 ± 11.87 | 90.76 ± 11.91 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose, (mmol/L) | 5.30 ± 1. 51 | 5.81 ± 1.99 | 6.04 ± 2.19 | 6.24 ± 2.28 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 91.05 ± 30.08 | 90.93 ± 26.47 | 98.71 ± 39.81 | 102.36 ± 30.82 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 81.17 ± 19.51 | 80.59 ± 19.21 | 75.46 ± 19.99 | 71.89 ± 18.75 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.12 (0.81–1.58) | 1.64 (1.18–2.45) | 1.92 (1.34-2.97) | 2.00 (1.41-3.17) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.86 ± 1.09 | 5.12 ± 1.16 | 5.04 ± 1.37 | 4.99 ± 1.37 | <0.001 |
| HDL–C (mmol/L) | 1.52 ± 0.35 | 1.51 ± 0.35 | 1.49 ± 0.35 | 1.48 ± 0.37 | <0.001 |
| LDL–C (mmol/L) | 2.31 ± 0.86 | 2.34 ± 0.88 | 2.39 ± 0.86 | 2.50 ± 1.56 | <0.001 |
| HsCRP (mg/L) | 0.66 (0.24–1.78) | 1.10 (0.43–2.76) | 1.30 (0.59-3.10) | 1.70 (0.74-3.61) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 16.00 (12.00–22.00) | 20.00 (15.00–27.00) | 23.00 (18.00-33.00) | 25.00 (19.00-40.00) | <0.001 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 12.73 ± 4.85 | 12.86 ± 4.75 | 12.79 ± 4.94 | 13.14 ± 4.88 | <0.001 |
| Medications | |||||
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 4206 (8.52) | 2350 (16.10) | 1237 (18.91) | 354 (24.98) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic medication, n (%) | 985 (2.00) | 589 (4.04) | 297 (4.54) | 103 (7.27) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 326 (0.66) | 244 (1.67) | 131 (2.00) | 28 (1.98) | <0.001 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL–C, high–density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL–C: low–density lipoprotein cholesterol; HsCRP, high–sensitivity C–reactive protein; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin.