Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of individuals with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
| Total | With ADHD | Without ADHD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N=5,389,519) | (N=37,027) | (N=5,352,492) | |
| Age (years, mean±SD) | 38.44±12.32 | 30.34±9.25 | 38.49±12.32 |
| Year of birth (%) | |||
| 1941‐1950 | 22.40 | 2.93 | 22.54 |
| 1951‐1960 | 21.63 | 12.24 | 21.70 |
| 1961‐1971 | 24.50 | 28.89 | 24.47 |
| 1977‐1983 | 31.46 | 55.94 | 31.29 |
| Sex (%) | |||
| Male | 51.04 | 55.30 | 51.01 |
| Female | 48.96 | 44.70 | 48.99 |
| Country of birth (%) | |||
| Sweden | 78.94 | 89.64 | 78.86 |
| Denmark, Finland, Norway or Iceland | 3.69 | 2.34 | 3.70 |
| Other | 17.37 | 8.01 | 17.44 |
| Educational attainment (%) | |||
| Primary or lower secondary | 14.87 | 25.87* | 14.79 |
| Upper secondary | 41.68 | 47.69 | 41.64 |
| Post‐secondary | 33.39 | 21.82 | 33.47 |
| Post‐graduate | 1.21 | 0.43 | 1.22 |
| Unknown | 8.85 | 4.19 | 8.88 |
| Well‐established risk factors for CVD (%) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | 2.93 | 2.62 | 2.93 |
| Obesity | 2.19 | 6.15* | 2.16 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2.04 | 1.15* | 2.04 |
| Sleep problems | 2.69 | 11.20* | 2.64 |
| Heavy smoking | 0.94 | 2.82* | 0.93 |
| Psychiatric comorbidities (%) | |||
| Anxiety disorders | 3.81 | 41.58* | 3.54 |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 0.25 | 11.14* | 0.17 |
| Bipolar disorder | 0.84 | 14.05* | 0.75 |
| Conduct disorder | 0.04 | 1.22* | 0.03 |
| Depressive disorder | 4.96 | 43.15* | 4.69 |
| Eating disorders | 0.22 | 2.79* | 0.20 |
| Intellectual disability | 0.38 | 3.29* | 0.36 |
| Personality disorders | 1.23 | 21.56* | 1.09 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.55 | 2.39* | 0.54 |
| Substance use disorders | 4.09 | 37.80* | 3.85 |
*
Significantly higher in individuals with vs. without ADHD, p<0.0001