Table 1.
Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics.
| All patients | MDI group | CSII group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 362) | (n = 301) | (n = 61) | ||
| Sex (M/F) | 188/174 | 150/151 | 38/23 | 0.076 |
| Age (years old) | 26 (15,39) | 29 (15,42) | 25 (15,34) | 0.192 |
| Household incomea (¥/year) | 100,000 (50,000–152,500) | 100,000 (50,000–150,000) | 100,000 (55,000–190,000) | 0.820 |
| Educational status (n%) | ||||
| Less than bachelor's degree | 85 (23.5) | 73 (24.3) | 12 (19.7) | 0.072 |
| Bachelor's degree or more | 108 (29.8) | 82 (27.2) | 26 (42.6) | |
| Unknown | 169 (46.7) | 146 (48.5) | 23 (37.7) | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 2.8 (0.8,7) | 5 (0.8,6.7) | 5.9 (1.1,11.1) | 0.122 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.4± 3.2 | 20.4 ± 3.3 | 20.1 ± 2.9 | 0.556 |
| WHR | 0.8 (0.8,0.9) | 0.8 (0.8,0.9) | 0.8 (0.8,0.9) | 0.054 |
| Insulin dose (U/kg/day) | 0.6 (0.5,0.8) | 0.7 (0.5,0.8) | 0.6 (0.5,0.7) | 0.167 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 113 (104,124) | 115.4 (104,126) | 109.3 (103,116) | 0.009 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71± 12 | 71 ± 12 | 69 ± 9 | 0.295 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 (7.0,9.9) | 8.7 (7.1,10) | 8.1 (6.8,8.8) | 0.007 |
| HbA1c <7.5% (%) | 36.2 | 32.9 | 52.5 | 0.004 |
| FCP (pmol/L) | 23.3 (16.5,92.2) | 68.3 (16.5,96.8) | 43 (16.5,60.8) | 0.005 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.8 (6.4,11.7) | 9.6 (6.7,12.4) | 7.5 (4.8,9.4) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.2 (3.6,4.8) | 4.3 (3.6,4.8) | 4.4 (3.8,4.8) | 0.791 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.7 (0.6,1.0) | 0.9 (0.6,1.1) | 1 (0.5,1) | 0.637 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.736 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.4 (1.9,2.9) | 2.5 (1.9,3) | 2.5 (2,2.9) | 0.546 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD, median (IQR) and frequency.
BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; MDI, multiple daily insulin injection; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; FCP, fasting C-peptide; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
P-values for CSII group vs. MDI group.
a
Missing data: 212 (70.4%) in MDI group; 36 (59%) in CSII group.