TABLE 5.

Summary of the risk and protective factors for depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, and suicidal ideation (China, 2021).

Variable	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	PTSD	Suicidal ideation
	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]
Older age	—	0.96 [0.95–0.98]	—	—	0.97 [0.94–1.00]
Female gender	1.55 [1.07–2.24]	1.36 [0.97–1.91]	—	—	2.95 [1.49–5.86]
Previous chronic disease	2.06 [1.24–3.43]	2.13 [1.28–3.53]	2.70 [1.55–4.70]	—	3.04 [1.56–5.92]
Experienced violence during the pandemic	1.86 [1.25–2.76]	2.09 [1.41–3.10]	2.37 [1.52–3.67]	1.94 [1.18–3.20]	—
Passive coping	3.00 [2.25–4.01]	3.05 [2.34–3.97]	2.42 [1.68–3.47]	2.35 [1.55–3.56]	3.26 [1.96–5.42]
Having reliable social support at work	0.45 [0.30–0.67]	—	0.46 [0.29–0.72]	—	0.49 [0.29–0.85]
Long working hours during the outbreak	1.11 [1.06–1.17]	1.07 [1.02–1.12]	1.13 [1.07–1.19]	1.07 [1.01–1.14]	1.13 [1.06–1.20]
More days in isolation during the pandemic	—	—	1.03 [1.01–1.04]	1.04 [1.01–1.14]	—
Other health personnel	0.56 [0.37–0.84]	0.48 [0.33–0.70]	—		—
Aided Wuhan during the pandemic	2.08 [1.02–4.26]	2.30 [1.12–4.75]	—	—	—
Quite worried or very worried about infecting relatives	—	1.37 [1.04–1.79]	—	—	—
The pandemic affected the family’s financial situation	1.38 [1.02–1.85]	–	1.50 [1.04–2.17]	—	—
Close contact with COVID-19 patients	2.89 [1.77–4.74]	2.83 [1.79–4.46]	1.95 [1.11–3.46]	3.68 [1.54–8.80]	—