Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses of the pre-treatment Shannon diversity index and clinical characteristics in the total population (N = 28)

Factors		N	Shannon diversity	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
				Coefficient (95% CI)	P	Coefficient (95% CI)	P
All patients		28	3.5 ± 0.7
Sex	Male	14	3.9 ± 0.6	ref
	Female	14	3.2 ± 0.6	-0.6 (-1.1, -0.2)	0.01	-0.8 (-1.6, 0.1)	0.08
BMI	Normal/underweight	16	3.5 ± 0.7	ref
	Overweight/obese	12	3.5 ± 0.7	-0.1 (-0.5, 0.5)	0.96	0.5 (-0.3, 1.2)	0.24
Smoking status	Never-smoker	20	3.5 ± 0.7	ref
	Ever-smoker	8	3.7 ± 0.7	0.3 (-0.3, 0.9)	0.33	-0.8 (-2.0, 0.4)	0.20
Antibiotics	Yes	3	4.0 ± 0.6	0.5 (-0.3, 1.3)	0.23	0.8 (-0.2, 1.7)	0.11
	No	25	3.5 ± 0.7	ref
PPIs	Yes	5	3.5 ± 0.8	-0.007 (-0.7, 0.7)	0.98	-0.6 (-1.4, 0.3)	0.19
	No	23	3.5 ± 0.7	ref
Laxatives	Yes	8	3.7 ± 0.5	0.2 (-0.4, 0.8)	0.51	-0.2 (-0.9, 0.5)	0.62
	No	20	3.5 ± 0.7	ref
Prebiotics/Prebiotics	Yes	8	3.4 ± 0.8	-0.2 (-0.8, 0.4)	0.54	0.0 (-0.7, 0.6)	0.90
	No	20	3.6 ± 0.6	ref
Supplement	Yes	4	3.4 ± 1.0	-0.1 (-0.9, 0.6)	0.70
	No	24	3.6 ± 0.6	ref
Lung/pleural metastasis	Yes	17	3.5 ± 0.6	-0.2 (-0.7, 0.4)	0.54
	No	11	3.6 ± 0.7	ref
Brain metastasis	Yes	5	3.3 ± 0.8	-0.3 (-1.0, 0.4)	0.36
	No	23	3.6 ± 0.6	ref
Albumin	< 3.2 g/dL	12	3.4 ± 0.6	ref
	≥ 3.2 g/dL	16	3.6 ± 0.7	0.2 (-0.4, 0.7)	0.50
Cohort	EGFR-WT	13	3.3 ± 0.7	ref
	EGFR-mutant	15	3.8 ± 0.6	0.5 (0.1, 1.0)	0.03	0.6 (0.0, 1.2)	0.05

BMI Body mass index, PPI Proton pump inhibitor, EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor, WT Wild-type