Table 1.
Characteristics of the study groups after propensity score matching before admission and clinical outcomes after discharge
| HaH-HA_MCDA | UC_MCDA | P- value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 137) | (n = 137) | ||
| BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS | |||
| Socio-demographics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD)* | 72.42 (13.92) | 72.79 (15.37) | .836 |
| Gender (male), n (%)* | 80 (58.39) | 79 (57.66) | .902 |
| Gender (female), n (%)* | 57 (41.61) | 58 (42.34) | .902 |
| Use of healthcare resources | |||
| Hospital resources in previous 12 months | |||
| Rate of all-cause emergency room visit, mean (SD) | 1.85 (1.19) | 1.76 (1.23) | .231 |
| Rate of all-cause Hospital admissions, mean (SD)* | 1.45 (0.9) | 2.02 (1.54) | .171 |
| Rate of planned admissions, mean (SD) | 1.32 (0.67) | 1.67 (0.91) | .152 |
| Last visit (days) to outpatient clinic before admission, mean (SD) | 78.36 (86.09) | 78.07 (81.86) | .981 |
| Last hospitalisation (days) before admission, mean (SD) | 202.12 (108.21) | 222.25 (110.74) | .413 |
| Length of stay in days (total days per year), mean (total) | 11.45 (458) | 14.75 (590) | .408 |
| Intensive care unit stays, n (%) | 7 (12.10) | 4 (5.70) | .405 |
| Outpatient visits, mean (SD) | 6.14 (7.19) | 5.64 (5.55) | .604 |
| Hospital resources in previous 7 days | |||
| Outpatient visits, mean (SD) | 1.20 (0.63) | 1.25 (0.62) | .405 |
| Healthcare costs across tiers in previous year | |||
| € per year, mean (SD)* | 7,023.81 (9,478.93) | 8,138.43 (8,083.83) | .854 |
| Multimorbidity and severity | |||
| GMA scoring, mean (SD)* | 27.93 (14.72) | 28.8 (18.74) | .872 |
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES AT DISCHARGE | |||
| Total length of stay (days), mean (SD) | 8.20 (4.70) | 7.74 (5.96) | .479 |
| Case Mix Index | 0.72 | 0.75 | .792 |
| Mortality during episode, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Use of resources during Hospital Avoidance | |||
| All-cause Emergency Room visits, n (%) | 2 (1.46) | N/A | NA |
| All-cause In-Hospital re-admissions, n (%) | 4 (2.92) | N/A | NA |
| Outcomes at 30 days after discharge | |||
| All-cause Emergency Room visits, n (%) | 5 (3.65) | 20 (14.6) | < .001 |
| Unplanned Hospital admissions, n (%) | 5 (3.65) | 15 (10.95) | .012 |
| Planned admissions, n (%) | 2 (1.46) | 9 (6.57) | .031 |
| Mortality, n(%) | 1 (0.73) | 1 (0.73) | 1 |
| MATCHING ASSESSMENT METRICS | |||
| Rubin's B | 0.050 | ||
| Rubin's R | 0.598 | ||
Legend. HaH-HA, Hospital al Home-Hospital Avoidance; UC, Usual Care; GMA, Adjusted Morbidity Groups scoring; N/A, not applicable