Fig. 1.

Wood smoke exposure accelerates decline of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio in the Lovelace Smokers cohort. Subjects with “ever WS exposure for over a year” (n = 684) have a more rapid decline of FEV1 (by − 4.3 ml/s per year, P = 0.025, A and FEV1/FVC ratio (by − 0.093% per year, P = 0.015, B compared to those without (n = 1688). Stratification analysis by median age (55.9 year) identified a more robust impact of WS exposure on the decline of FEV1 (C) and FEV1/FVC ratio (D) in older smokers with the magnitude of effects doubling that seen in overall population. Average FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio over time in all subjects with and without WS exposure were plotted in non-Hispanic white females who smoked at baseline and had baseline age of 56.83 year, BMI of 28.27, height of 65.26 inch, and pack-years of 39.22. Average FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio over time in subjects ≥ 55.9 years old with and without WS exposure were plotted in non-Hispanic white females who smoked at baseline and had baseline age of 64.2 year, BMI of 28.14, height of 65.01 inch, and pack-years of 43.81