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. 2022 Sep 8;21:178. doi: 10.1186/s12943-022-01646-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — 5-gene signature expression in malignant single HNSCC cells. A T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) plots of malignant single HNSCC cells (n = 2176; GSE103322; left plot). Expression of NCEH1, DDIT4, ITGB4, FADD, and TIMP1 are displayed in t-SNE plots in n = 2176 malignant single cells (right plots). B 5-gene signature expression is represented for individual patients with percent of malignant single cell expression and average expression values. C Pathway activities of malignant single cells from GSE103322 were inferred using PROGENy. Spearman correlations and p-values of the 5-gene signature with pathway activities are depicted. * ≤ 0.05; ** ≤ 0.01; *** ≤ 0.001. D Scatter plots of ITGB4 correlations with the EGFR pathway in n = 2176 malignant single cells from GSE103322 are shown with Spearman correlation and p-value. E ITGB4 cell surface protein expression is shown in Kyse30 and FaDu cells treated with 50 ng/mL EGF for 72 h. Mean values with SD are shown in scatter dot plots of n = 3 independent experiments. ** ≤ 0.01 (t-test). F ITGB4 mRNA expression in Kyse30 and FaDu cells treated with 50 ng/mL EGF or combinations of EGF with Cetuximab, MEK inhibitor, or AK inhibitor. Mean values with SD of qPCR measurements are shown in scatter dot plots after 72 h of the indicated treatment of n = 3 independent experiments. * ≤ 0.05; ** ≤ 0.01; *** ≤ 0.001 (one-way ANOVA)