Purification of A. aeolicus GPAT and GARS from an E. coli expression system. SDS-PAGE of GPAT (lanes 1 to 4) and GARS (lanes 5 to 8) is shown. Lanes 1 and 5, soluble cell extracts; lanes 2 and 6, soluble protein following two heat denaturation steps; lanes 3 and 7, soluble protein following (NH4)2SO4 precipitation; lanes 4 and 8, purified proteins; lane 9, molecular mass markers (Bio-Rad). The SDS–10% PAGE gel was stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R. The arrows show the positions of GPAT and GARS.