Table 2.
Associations between sociodemographic factors and vaccination status: Odds of being unvaccinated vs. vaccinated
| Predictors | Sample Sizea | % Not vaccinated | Simple Logistic Regression | Multiple Logistic Regressionb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % (95% CIc) | OR (95% CId) | P-value | aOR (95% CId) | P-value | |
| Overall | 9223 | 11 (10–13) | ||||
| Region of Residencee | ||||||
| Atlantic | 1812 | 10 (9–13) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.996 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.493 |
| Quebec | 1513 | 10 (8–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Ontario | 2808 | 12 (10–14) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.81 | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 0.227 |
| Prairies | 2253 | 13 (11–15) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.412 | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 0.179 |
| British Columbia | 837 | 11 (8–14) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.989 | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.446 |
| Age Groupe | ||||||
| 18–29 | 752 | 17 (13–21) | 4.4 (2.6–7.4) | < 0.001 | 6.0 (2.5–14.7) | < 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 1183 | 15 (12–18) | 3.8 (2.3–6.3) | < 0.001 | 5.9 (2.5–13.7) | < 0.001 |
| 40–49 | 1139 | 13 (11–17) | 3.5 (2.1–5.7) | < 0.001 | 5.1 (2.2–11.9) | < 0.001 |
| 50–59 | 1331 | 9 (8–12) | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | < 0.001 | 3.2 (1.5–6.8) | < 0.001 |
| 60–69 | 2193 | 7 (6–9) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 0.018 | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 0.114 |
| 70 + | 2625 | 4 (3–6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Indigenous Identitye | ||||||
| Indigenous | 419 | 19 (13–26)E | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 0.004 | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 0.214 |
| Non-Indigenous | 8697 | 11 (10–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 4009 | 11 (9–12) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.185 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.36 |
| Female | 5199 | 12 (10–14) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Level of Education | ||||||
| Less than secondary | 1181 | 16 (12–20) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (2.1–6.1) | < 0.001 |
| Secondary | 2063 | 13 (11–16) | 2.0 (1.4–3.1) | < 0.001 | 2.4 (1.5–3.7) | < 0.001 |
| Post-secondary | 3070 | 14 (12–16) | 2.1 (1.4–3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.5 (1.6–3.7) | < 0.001 |
| University | 2856 | 7 (6–9) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Employment Status | ||||||
| Employed | 4443 | 12 (10–14) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Unemployed | 3371 | 11 (10–13) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.901 | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.618 |
| Not in the labour force | 1367 | 4 (3–6)E | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.892 |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 2189 | 13 (11–16) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 0.011 | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 0.297 |
| Single | 1901 | 16 (13–19) | 1.8 (1.4–2.5) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 0.634 |
| Married/Common law | 5122 | 9 (8–10) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Immigration Status | ||||||
| Non-Immigrant | 7604 | 11 (10–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Non-Permanent Resident | 112 | 27 (16–41)E | 3.1 (1.3–7.5) | 0.009 | 2.2 (0.8–6.2) | 0.182 |
| Immigrant | 1411 | 11 (9–14) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.806 | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 0.147 |
| Visible Minority Status | ||||||
| Not a visible minority | 8170 | 11 (10–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Visible minority | 923 | 12 (9–15) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.45 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.178 |
| Mother Tongue | ||||||
| English or French | 8160 | 11 (10–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Neither English or French | 968 | 13 (10–17) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.45 | 1.2 (0.7–1.8) | 0.512 |
| Children under 12 in the household | ||||||
| 1 or more | 1323 | 15 (12–17) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 0.001 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 0.013 |
| None | 7900 | 10 (9–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Household Composition | ||||||
| Unattached | 3147 | 13 (11–16) | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 0.001 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 0.927 |
| Couple with children | 2052 | 11 (9–13) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.14 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.207 |
| Lone with children | 644 | 20 (15–25) | 2.9 (1.7–4.8) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.5–2.8) | 0.996 |
| Couple | 3119 | 8 (6–10) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Other, Unknown | 261 | 14 (9–22)E | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 0.135 | 0.8 (0.3–2.3) | 0.974 |
| Dwelling Ownership Status | ||||||
| Rent | 1949 | 15 (13–18) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.829 |
| Own | 7190 | 10 (9–11) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Having a Regular Healthcare Provider | ||||||
| No | 1105 | 18 (14–22) | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.006 |
| Yes | 8098 | 10 (9–11) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Self-Perceived Health | ||||||
| Fair or poor | 1310 | 16 (13–20) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.001 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | < 0.001 |
| Excellent, very good or good | 7903 | 11 (10–12) | Reference | Reference | ||
| COVID-19 Status | ||||||
| Did not have COVID-19 | 9029 | 11 (10–12) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.342 | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.37 |
| Had COVID-19 | 181 | 14 (8–24)E | Reference | Reference | ||
Bold values indicate significant odds ratios after adjustment at the 5% level
a Sample sizes for proportions and simple logistic regression models do not always add up to the total n = 9,509 due to missing values in predictor and outcome variables
b Sample size for the multiple logistic regression is n = 8,908
c Wilson score interval for binomial proportions
d 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios (OR) were adjusted using the Tukey–Kramer method for multiple comparisons
e Covariates to control for provincial differences in vaccination rollout plans and vaccination eligibility
E Estimate is of marginal quality, use with caution