| PTS | Para-toluenesulfonamide |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| CRPC | Castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| IFN-β | interferon beta |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-related kinase |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| TNF-ɑ | Tumor necrosis factor-ɑ |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| IκBα | IκB kinase |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor κB |
| ZEB1 | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 |
| IHC | Immunohistochemical |
| SD | Standard deviation |