Figure 1.

Drug transport in brain tumor after infusion. Liposomal cytotoxic drugs and antiangiogenic drugs are infused into the tumor ECS simultaneously. The released free cytotoxic drugs can cross the cell member to enter the cell interior; whereas liposome cell uptake strongly depends on the formulation, morphology and surrounding environment. As a result, some types of liposomes can enter cells efficiently, while others cannot cross the cell membrane. Therefore, this process is marked in a dashed line. Since there is a lack of a general model to govern this highly liposome-specific process due to its complexity, liposome cell uptake was ignored in several past studies [15,37]. AA—antiangiogenic drugs, LP—liposome-encapsulated cytotoxic drugs, FD—free cytotoxic drugs, and BD—cytotoxic drugs that bind with proteins.