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. 2022 Aug 23;14(17):4072. doi: 10.3390/cancers14174072

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© 2022 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Breakdown of compartments in ccRCC. (A) Laminin a5 immunostaining shows strict basement membrane segregation of proximal tubule epithelial cells from the interstitium. (B) Cancer cells in ccRCC, which are thought to originate from the proximal tubule cell are embedded in matrix containing laminin a5, but there is no clear segregation of the interstitial cell space from the epithelium. Abbreviations: a—arteriole; BM—basement membrane; c—capillary; cc—clear cell; ec—epithelial cell; ic—interstitial cell. Images from Human Protein Atlas www.proteinatlas.org, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 International License. https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130702-LAMA5/tissue/kidney#img and https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130702-LAMA5/pathology/renal+cancer#img were accessed on 12 August 2022.