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Reversible and irreversible electroporation. In both cases, the cells are exposed to an electric field. In RE, the pulse width varies from 300 to 1300 V/cm, and the number of pulses is 8; in IRE, the amplitude is up to 3000 V/cm, and the number of pulses is up to 40. In RE, after membrane permeabilization, cells recover and survive. In IRE, disruption of cellular homeostasis occurs; cell damage induces different types of cell death (apoptosis; necrosis; necroptosis; pyroptosis).
