Table 1.

Overview of the genes examined and their associated pathways using the Human Cancer PathwayFinder RT² Profiler PCR Array (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands). Overall, 84 genes representative of 9 different biological pathways involved in tumorigenesis and transformation were examined. Biological pathways included angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular senescence, DNA damage and repair, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia signaling, metabolism and telomere maintenance.

Function	Gene
Angiogenesis	Angiopoetin 1 (ANGPT1) Angiopoetin 2 (ANGPT2) Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) Basic fibroblastic growth factor 2 (FGF2) Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) Vascular endothelial growth factor 3 (VEGFR3) Placental growth factor (PGF) Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1 (SERPINF1) TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial (TEK) Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC)
Apoptosis	Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1) B-cell lymphoma 2 like 11 (apoptosis facilitator) (BCL2L11) Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3) Caspase 2, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP2) Caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP7) Caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP9) Caspase 8 und fas-associating death domain-containing protein-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) Fas- ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) (FASLG) Nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain) (NOL3) X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)
Cell cycle	Aurora kinase A (AURKA) Cyclin D2 (CCND2) Cyclin D3 (CCND3) Cell division cycle 20 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (CDC20) E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding (E2F4) FMS related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (MKI67) S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45) (SKP2) Stathmin 1 (STMN1) WEE homolog (S.pombe) (WEE1)
Cellular Senescence	BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene (BMI1) V-Ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (avian) (ETS2) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAP2K1) Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAP2K3) Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2 (SERPINB2) Superoxidase dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1) T-box 2 (TBX2)
DNA Damage and Repair	Damage-specific DNA binding protein 2, 48kDa (DDB2) DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 3 (ERCC3) Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (ERCC5) Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma (GADD45G) Ligase IV, DNA, ATP-dependent (LIG4) Polymerase (DNA directed), beta (POLB) Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A (PPP1R15A)
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition	Cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal) (CDH2) Desmoplakin (DSP) Forkhead box C2 (MFH-1, mesenchyme forkhead 1) (FOXC2) Goosecoid homeobox (GSC) Keratin 14 (KRT14) Occludin (OCLN) Snail homolog 1 (Drosophila) (SNAI1) Snail homolog 2 (Drosophila) (SNAI2) Snail homolog 3 (Drosophila) (SNAI3) SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10 (SOX10)
Hypoxia Signaling	Adrenomedullin (ADM) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) Erythropoietin (EPO) Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 (HMOX1) Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 (SLC2A1)
Metabolism	ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle (ATP5A1) Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va (COX5A) Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (mitochondrial) (GPD2) Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Phosphofructokinase, liver (PFKL) Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 (UQCRFS1)
Telomeres and Telomerase	Dyskeratosis congenita 1, dyskerin (DKC1) PIN2/TERF1 interacting, telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) Telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) Telomeric repeat binding factor (NIMA-interacting 1) (TERF1) Telomeric repeat binding factor 2, interacting protein (TERF2IP) TERF1 (TRF1)-interacting nuclear factor 2 (TINF2) Tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase (TNKS) Tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 2 (TNKS2)