Figure 1.

High HLA-DR expression is associated with decreased distance between T helper cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (A) Representative example of a tumor with high HLA-DR expression (Left to right: (a) immunohistochemistry for HLA-DR, (b) composite multiplex immunohistochemistry image stained for CD3—green, CD163—orange, CD8—yellow, pancytokeratin—white, FoxP3—red, PD-L1—magenta, and DAPI—blue, (c) phenotypic map depicting the location of CD3⁺ T cells (blue), pancytokeratin-positive epithelial cells (pink), CD163⁺ APCs (orange) and other cells (gray), (d) nearest neighbor analysis between APCs (red) and T helper cells (blue). (B) Representative example of a tumor with low HLA-DR expression with images as described above. ANOVA analysis of the mean intercellular distance between (C) APCs and T cells and (D) APCs and T helper cells. Bivariate comparison of percentage of HLA-DR positivity by surface area and intercellular distances between (E) APCs and T cells and (F) APCs and T helper cells.