Figure 2.

Selection of commonly examined reflexes and reactions to assess neurological function. (A–D) illustrates cranial nerve assessments with (A) pupillary light reflex (PLR), (B) palpebral reflex, (C) nasal sensation, (D) facial symmetry. (E–H) illustrates spinal reflex exams with (E) patellar reflex, (F) withdrawal reflex, (G) perineal reflex and (H) cutaneous trunci reflex. (I–L) demonstrates proprioceptive positioning with (I) knuckling/hoof placement test, (J) hop test, (K) step/visual and tactile placing test and (L) push test.