Figure 7.

Graphical representation of the mechanism of action of VNPP433-3β in PCa inhibition. VNPP433-3β binds the AR, prevents its translocation into the nucleus, and redirects it to ubiquitination by MDM2/CHIP and subsequent degradation by 26 S proteasome thereby affecting transcription of AR-responsive tumor genes and affecting PCa inhibition. Additionally, VNPP433-3β impedes phosphorylation of eIF4E by depleting MNK1/2 that in turn limits 5′-cap-dependent translation and blocks PCa progression.