TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the matched DELCODE sample (n = 140).
| Musical activity | No musical activity | P-value | |
| Number (n) | 70 | 70 | – |
| Age (years) | 68.23 (6.62) | 69.01 (5.44) | 0.445 |
| Gender female/male (n) | 31/39 | 35/35 | 0.498 |
| Education (years) | 16.20 (2.71) | 15.96 (2.74) | 0.598 |
| Diagnostic category OA/FH/SCD (n) | 19/7/44 | 24/6/40 | 0.654 |
| SESa | 66.27 (16.32) | 65.21 (16.04) | 0.699 |
| Crystalized intelligenceb | 33.31 (2.14) | 33.04 (2.22) | 0.463 |
| Physical activity, long-termc | 4.25 (0.78) | 4.32 (0.71) | 0.611 |
| Physical activity, currentd | 33.86 (11.80), n = 66 | 32.45 (12.85), n = 69 | 0.507 |
| Total frontal GMV (ml) | 138.86 (12.44) | 134.69 (11.88) | 0.044* |
| Total temporal GMV (ml) | 95.53 (8.44) | 93.29 (8.3) | 0.115 |
| Total hippocampal GMV (ml) | 6.26 (0.71) | 6.21 (0.66) | 0.692 |
| Total cortical GMV (ml) | 453.83 (37.56) | 441.69 (37.13) | 0.049* |
Descriptive data are given if applicable as mean and standard deviation (in parenthesis). The actual sample size is provided, if different from sample size specified in first row. P-values correspond to independent t-tests for unequal variance with participant group as independent variable. Chi-square statistic was used to compare the distribution of categorical variables. *p < 0.05. OA, older adults; FH, participants with a family history of AD; GMV, gray matter volume; SCD, participants with subjective cognitive decline; SES, socioeconomic status.
aInternational socio-economic index (ISEI); bMultiple-Choice Vocabulary Intelligence Test (MWT); cLifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ); dPhysical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE).
PASE: The total score was calculated based on frequency, duration, and intensity of leisure, household and occupational activities. Higher scores correspond to greater levels of physical activity.
LEQ: The mean frequency of physical activity over available life periods was measured using a 6-point Likert scale (0 = ‘never,’ 1 = ‘less than 1 time per month,’ 2 = ‘1 time per month,’ 3 = ‘2 times per month,’ 4 = ‘weekly,’ 5 = ‘daily’). Higher scores correspond to greater frequencies of physical activity.