TABLE 2.

Results of linear regression analyses between musical activity and cognition.

	Dependent variable	Independent variable	B	SE B	Beta	P-value	Total R2 (adj.)
1	Global cognition	Musical Activity	0.540	0.178	0.250	0.003**†	0.062 (0.056)
2	Learning and Memory	Musical Activity	0.209	0.165	0.107	0.209	0.011 (0.004)
3	Working Memory	Musical Activity	0.669	0.178	0.304	< 0.001***†	0.092 (0.086)
4	Executive Functions	Musical Activity	0.465	0.180	0.214	0.011*†	0.046 (0.039)
5	Language	Musical Activity	0.443	0.170	0.216	0.010*†	0.047 (0.040)
6	Visuospatial	Musical Activity	0.522	0.176	0.245	0.003**†	0.060 (0.053)

Musical activity was included as binary predictor, dummy coded with musical activity = 1, no musical activity = 0. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. ^†p < 0.05 false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted for statistical tests performed across cognitive domains. B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, standard error; Beta, standardized coefficient; R², explained variance.