TABLE 4.

Results of the moderation analyses between musical activity and frontal GMV.

	Dependent variable	Independent variable	B	SE B	Beta	P-value	Total R2 (adj.)
1	Global cognition	Music Activity × frontal GMV	0.318	0.139	0.261	0.024*†	0.332 (0.269)
2	Learning and Memory	Music Activity × frontal GMV	0.102	0.132	0.092	0.441	0.263 (0.193)
3	Working Memory	Music Activity × frontal GMV	0.432	0.141	0.348	0.003**†	0.335 (0.273)
4	Executive Functions	Music Activity × frontal GMV	0.278	0.145	0.228	0.058	0.273 (0.204)
5	Language	Music Activity × frontal GMV	0.316	0.133	0.274	0.019*†	0.320 (0.256)
6	Visuospatial	Music Activity × frontal GMV	0.227	0.145	0.189	0.119	0.251 (0.180)

Models adjusted for scanner site. Musical activity was included as binary predictor, dummy coded with musical activity = 1, no musical activity = 0. Frontal GMV was adjusted for total intracranial volume and mean centered. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. ^†p < 0.05 false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted for statistical tests performed across cognitive domains. B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, standard error; Beta, standardized coefficient; R², explained variance.