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. 2022 Aug 25;14(17):4113. doi: 10.3390/cancers14174113

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Lipid metabolic pathways. Glucose, acetate, and fatty acid β-oxidation contribute to the mitochondrial pool of acetyl-CoA that can be exported to the cytosol via citrate for lipid synthesis. ACSS1 (acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 1) and ACSS2 convert acetate to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria and cytosol, respectively. Glutamine-derived α-KG can generate citrate via either oxidation in which α-KG-derived OAA condenses with acetyl-CoA to form citrate or reductive carboxylation in which α-KG is reduced to citrate. IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2) catalyzes reductive carboxylation in the mitochondria. Cholesterol synthesis: ACAT2, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2; FDFT1, farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA; HMGCR, HMG-CoA reductase; HMGCS1, HMG-CoA synthase 1; LSS, lanosterol synthase; SQLE, squalene epoxidase. Fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation: ACACA/B, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha/beta; ACSL, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family; ACADM, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain; CPT1/2; carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1/2; DECR1, 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1; ECHS1, enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1; ECI1, enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1; FASN, fatty acid synthase; FATP, fatty acid transport protein; HADHA/B, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha/beta; HSD17B10, hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 10. MYCN targets are highlighted in red.