| TBI | traumatic brain injury |
| PFC | prefrontal cortex |
| HPA | hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal |
| LC-NE | locus coeruleus–norepinephrine |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RIPK | receptor interacting protein kinase |
| MLKL | mixed lineage kinase domain-like |
| ACC | anterior cingulate cortex |
| DG | dentate gyrus |
| mPFC | medial PFC |
| dPFC | dorsolateral PFC |
| BLA | basolateral amygdala |
| CeA | central amygdala |
| Glu | glutamate |
| γ-GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| CeL | centrolateral |
| CeM | centromedial |
| snRNA-seq | single-nucleus RNA sequencing |
| CRH | corticotropin-releasing hormone |
| PVN | paraventricular nucleus |
| AVP | arginine vasopressin |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| GCs | glucocorticoids |
| MR | mineralocorticoid receptor |
| GR | glucocorticoid receptor |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| PNs | pyramidal neurons |
| PV | parvalbumin |
| SST | somatostatin |
| E/I | excitatory and inhibitory |
| SNARE | soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor |
| NMDAR | N-methyl d-aspartate receptor |
| AMPAR | alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor |
| DA | dopamine |
| VTA | ventral tegmental area |
| D1R | D1 receptor |
| DEX | dexamethasone |
| FKBP5 | FK506-binding protein 5 |
| CRF | corticotropin releasing factor |
| PTSD | post-trauma brain injury |
| mFPI | mild fluid-percussion injury |
| BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| RS | restraint stress |
| CCI | controlled cortical injury |
| ERS | endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| RUS | repeated unpredictable stress |
| r-mTBI | repetitive mild TBI |
| rcTBI | repetitive concussive TBI |
| ETC | electron transport chain |
| PDH | pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| bTBI | blast-induced TBI |
| CK | creatine kinase |
| NF-H | neurofilaments-heavy |
| NSE | neuron-specific enolase |
| GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| SF | sleep fragmentation |
| HCC | hair cortisol concentrations |
| CHI | closed head injury |
| CVS | chronic variable stress |
| AST | attentional set-shifting test |
| sEPSCs | spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents |
| EPM | elevated plus maze |
| 5-HTP | 5-hydroxytryptophan |
| 5-HIAA | 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid |
| CRS | chronic RS |
| BBB | blood–brain barrier |
| TrkB | tropomyosin-related kinase receptor |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| SN | substantia nigra |
| CUMS | chronic unpredictable mild stress |
| RSDS | repeated social defeat stress |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| UCH-L1 | ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 |
| DTI | diffusion tensor imaging |
| SWI | susceptibility weighted imaging |
| fMRI | functional MRI |