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. 2022 Aug 23;23(17):9519. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179519
TBI traumatic brain injury
PFC prefrontal cortex
HPA hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
LC-NE locus coeruleus–norepinephrine
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TLR toll-like receptor
ROS reactive oxygen species
RIPK receptor interacting protein kinase
MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain-like
ACC anterior cingulate cortex
DG dentate gyrus
mPFC medial PFC
dPFC dorsolateral PFC
BLA basolateral amygdala
CeA central amygdala
Glu glutamate
γ-GABA γ-aminobutyric acid
CeL centrolateral
CeM centromedial
snRNA-seq single-nucleus RNA sequencing
CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone
PVN paraventricular nucleus
AVP arginine vasopressin
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
GCs glucocorticoids
MR mineralocorticoid receptor
GR glucocorticoid receptor
CNS central nervous system
PNs pyramidal neurons
PV parvalbumin
SST somatostatin
E/I excitatory and inhibitory
SNARE soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor
NMDAR N-methyl d-aspartate receptor
AMPAR alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor
DA dopamine
VTA ventral tegmental area
D1R D1 receptor
DEX dexamethasone
FKBP5 FK506-binding protein 5
CRF corticotropin releasing factor
PTSD post-trauma brain injury
mFPI mild fluid-percussion injury
BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
RS restraint stress
CCI controlled cortical injury
ERS endoplasmic reticulum stress
RUS repeated unpredictable stress
r-mTBI repetitive mild TBI
rcTBI repetitive concussive TBI
ETC electron transport chain
PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase
bTBI blast-induced TBI
CK creatine kinase
NF-H neurofilaments-heavy
NSE neuron-specific enolase
GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
SF sleep fragmentation
HCC hair cortisol concentrations
CHI closed head injury
CVS chronic variable stress
AST attentional set-shifting test
sEPSCs spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents
EPM elevated plus maze
5-HTP 5-hydroxytryptophan
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
CRS chronic RS
BBB blood–brain barrier
TrkB tropomyosin-related kinase receptor
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
SN substantia nigra
CUMS chronic unpredictable mild stress
RSDS repeated social defeat stress
MDA malondialdehyde
UCH-L1 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
DTI diffusion tensor imaging
SWI susceptibility weighted imaging
fMRI functional MRI