Table 2. Fitted pre-edge peak fitting of the different samples along with reference model compounds bearing Mn with different oxidation states, spectral white line position, absorption energies set as a fraction (half) of the edge step, oxidation states of the Zn and Mn cations in the reference compounds, and samples at both Zn and Mn K-edges.

Group (x)	Fitted pre-edge centroid E (eV)		White-line position (eV) ±0.02	E 0 (eV), selected at the half-height of the edge step ±0.03	Oxidation state
Zn_ K-edge (9659 eV) – tabulated value
x = 0.03, before irradiation	–		9669.52	9661.62	Zn2+
x = 0.05, before irradiation	–		9669.49	9661.62	Zn2+
x = 0.07, before irradiation	–		9669.52	9661.69	Zn2+
x = 0.03, after irradiation	–		9669.48	9661.61	Zn2+
x = 0.05, after irradiation	–		9669.53		Zn2+
x = 0.07, after irradiation	–		9669.53		Zn2+
ZnO pure standard	–		9669.68	9661.58	Zn2+
Mn K-edge (6539 eV) – tabulated value
x = 0.03, before irradiation	6534.80 ± 1.76		6554.03	6543.52	Mn2+
x = 0.05, before irradiation	6534.80 ± 1.76		6553.75	6543.51	Mn2+
x = 0.07, before irradiation	6534.80 ± 2.66		6553.90	6543.50	Mn2+
x = 0.03, after irradiation	6534.80 ± 2.64		6553.85	6543.33	Mn2+
x = 0.05, after irradiation	6534.80 ± 1.93		6553.69	6543.50	Mn2+
x = 0.07, after irradiation	6534.80 ± 1.97		6553.76	6543.45	Mn2+
Mn-foil	–		6555.17	6543.47†	Mn0
MnO	6539.56 ± 0.79		6553.95	6543.37	Mn2+
Mn2O3	6541.59 ± 1.01		6558.13	6548.66	Mn3+
Mn3O4	6539.79 ± 0.60		6558.17	6546.80	Mn2+ and Mn3+
MnO2	6542.06 ± 0.01		6559.49	6551.62	Mn4+

^†The inflection point of the pre-edge peak is 6538 eV.