Table 4.

Summary of the main findings related to Pomegranate supplementation effect on Parkinson’s disease development.

Animal Model	Induction of Parkinson’s Disease	Pomegranate Part or Product	Dose And Period Of Treatment	Findings	Ref
Male Lewis rats	intraperitoneal administration of Rotenone (3 mg/kg)	Pomegranate juice	6.5–7.5 mL/day, for 2 weeks	↑ iNOS expression and activation; ↔ IL-1β; ↔ TNF-α level; ↔ Cox2 expression; ↑ p65 catalytic subunit of the NF-κB; ↑caspase-3 activity.	[95]
Male albino rats	Rotenone (2.5 mg/kg), for 30 days	Pomegranate extract	150 mg/kg/day, for 30 days	↑ locomotor activity; ↓ AchE activities; ↑ BDNF and glutamate; ↓ lipid peroxidation; ↑ SOD; ↑ TAA; ↓ IL-1β; ↓ TNF-α; ↓ iNOS.	[96]
Male albino Wistar rats	subcutaneous injection of Rotenone (1.3 mg/kg), for 35 days	Pomegranate juice	500 mg/kg/day, for 45 days	↑ postural stability; ↑ neuronal survival; ↓ MDA; ↓ α-synuclein; ↑ mitochondrial ALDH activity; ↑ antiapoptotic Bcl-xL protein.	[100]

↑: increase; ↓: decrease; ↔: no effect; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL-1β: interleukin 1-β; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase 2; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; AchE: acetylcholinesterase; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; TAA: total antioxidant activity; SOD: superoxide dismutase; P65: p 65 protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; ALDH: aldehyde dehydrogenases.