Survey of pAMY-em1 constructs used in this study. (Fusions involving the ermAM promoter [Perm] were constructed by use of the related vector pERM-ex1 [27].) The nomenclature of constructs is given as follows: genes are indicated by a one-letter code (B, traB; C, traC; A, traA; E, traE1; Y, orfY; and 1, orf1); promoters (Px) and terminator T1 (TTS1) are given only when they border disruptions of the original sequence; genes given in parentheses have been destroyed by point mutations (graphically marked by black triangles), while primes indicate the removal of a few nucleotides from the 5′ or 3′ ends, respectively. The diagrams of the constructs (in this and the following figures) are aligned to the graphical representation of the pAD1 sequence given on the top. Only complete genes (and those disrupted by point mutations) are accented by thick lines. Restriction sites involved in the various constructions are indicated.