Table 4.
The relative content of volatile flavor compounds of L. edodes produced in Guizhou after different processing methods (%).
| Volatile Compounds | 0912 | LM | 808 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO | ST | HP | MI | FR | UN | BO | ST | HP | MI | FR | UN | BO | ST | HP | MI | FR | UN | |
| Alcohols | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ethanol | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | - | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | - | - | 0.05 ± 0.00 | - | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | |
| 2-furanmethanol | - | - | 1.61 ± 0.12 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.21 ± 0.30 | - | 1.49 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | 1.61 ± 0.01 | - | 2.24 ± 0.02 | - |
| 2-ethyl-1-hexanol | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.41 ± 2.85 | 9.11 ± 0.92 | - | - | - | 8.72 ± 0.09 |
| Phenylethyl alcohol | - | - | - | - | - | 10.97 ± 0.00 | 6.13 ± 0.01 | 5.98 ± 0.03 | - | 6.72 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 5.77 ± 0.04 | - | - | 5.23 ± 0.07 | - | - | 6.32 ± 0.07 |
| Aldehydes | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2-methyl-propanal | - | - | - | 0.54 ± 0.01 | 0.76 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.51 ± 0.00 | 1.09 ± 0.00 |
| 3-methyl-butanal | 1.15 ± 0.01 | 1.16 ± 0.01 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 1.36 ± 0.02 | 1.91 ± 0.14 | 2.18 ± 0.26 | 1.08 ± 0.00 | 1.05 ± 0.01 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 1.18 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 1.01 ± 0.01 | 1.22 ± 0.04 | 1.16 ± 0.12 | - | 1.35 ± 0.00 | - | 0.58 ± 0.52 |
| 2-methyl-butanal | 1.14 ± 0.00 | 1.16 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 1.36 ± 0.01 | 1.90 ± 0.14 | 2.17 ± 0.25 | - | 1.05 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | 1.01 ± 0.01 | - | 1.16 ± 0.12 | - | 1.34 ± 0.00 | 1.27 ± 0.01 | - |
| Pentanal | 1.14 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hexanal | 2.48 ± 0.02 | 2.72 ± 0.24 | 1.98 ± 0.15 | 2.95 ± 0.04 | 3.91 ± 0.00 | 4.71 ± 0.55 | 2.33 ± 0.00 | 2.27 ± 0.01 | 1.48 ± 0.37 | 2.55 ± 0.01 | 1.16 ± 0.72 | 2.19 ± 0.02 | 2.63 ± 0.08 | 2.50 ± 0.25 | 1.97 ± 0.02 | 2.91 ± 0.00 | 2.74 ± 0.02 | 2.40 ± 0.03 |
| Furfural | - | - | 1.43 ± 0.11 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.07 ± 0.27 | - | 1.68 ± 0.32 | - | - | - | 1.43 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.02 ± 0.03 | - | - | - |
| Benzeneacetaldehyde | - | - | - | - | 10.24 ± 0.74 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.82 ± 0.16 | - | - | - | - | - | 6.81 ± 0.06 | - |
| N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.25 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2-phenylpropenal | - | - | - | 11.38 ± 0.15 | - | - | - | 8.76 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | 8.45 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | 10.57 ± 0.09 | 9.25 ± 0.10 |
| Ketones | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acetone | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 0.13 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2,3-butanedione | - | - | - | - | 1.72 ± 0.00 | - | 1.02 ± 0.00 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | - | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | - | 1.21 ± 0.00 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| Hydroxyacetone | - | - | 0.47 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.33 ± 0.08 | - | 0.28 ± 0.14 | - | - | - | 0.44 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| 2(5H)-furanone | 0.89 ± 0.00 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 1.06 ± 0.01 | 1.47 ± 0.11 | 1.69 ± 0.20 | 0.83 ± 0.00 | 0.81 ± 0.00 | 0.53 ± 0.13 | 0.91 ± 0.00 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | 0.78 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.03 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 0.71 ± 0.01 | 1.04 ± 0.00 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.01 |
| 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one | - | - | - | 2.43 ± 0.03 | 3.39 ± 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.60 ± 0.05 | - | 2.16 ± 0.07 | - | - | 2.40 ± 0.00 | - | - |
| 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.77 ± 1.20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2-pyrrolidinone | 1.02 ± 0.00 | 1.03 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 1.21 ± 0.02 | 1.78 ± 0.01 | 1.93 ± 0.22 | 0.93 ± 0.00 | 0.61 ± 0.15 | 1.05 ± 0.00 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.01 | 1.12 ± 0.01 | |||||
| 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one | - | - | 10.86 ± 0.84 | - | - | - | - | - | 8.12 ± 2.03 | - | 10.64 ± 0.35 | - | - | - | 10.85 ± 0.09 | - | 14.16 ± 0.76 | - |
| 2-undecanone | 25.68 ± 0.11 | - | 20.39 ± 1.58 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.25 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Acids | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acetic acid | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.17 ± 0.00 | 0.16 ± 0.00 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 0.53 ± 0.40 | 0.16 ± 0.00 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.00 |
| Propanoic acid | 0.55 ± 0.00 | 0.55 ± 0.00 | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 1.04 ± 0.12 | - | 0.50 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.08 | - | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2-methyl-propanoic acid | - | - | - | - | - | 3.79 ± 0.92 | 2.63 ± 0.00 | 2.57 ± 0.01 | 1.67 ± 0.42 | 2.89 ± 0.01 | 4.17 ± 2.53 | 1.20 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3-methyl-butanoic acid | - | - | - | 3.34 ± 0.05 | 6.66 ± 2.48 | 2.06 ± 0.24 | 2.64 ± 0.00 | 2.57 ± 0.01 | - | 3.24 ± 0.34 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.30 ± 0.00 | - | 2.71 ± 0.03 |
| Hexanoic acid | - | - | 4.22 ± 0.33 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.16 ± 0.79 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Esters | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acetic acid ethenyl ester | 1.12 ± 0.00 | 1.11 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ethyl acetate | 1.33 ± 0.01 | 1.34 ± 0.01 | - | - | 2.21 ± 0.16 | 2.52 ± 0.29 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Butyrolactone | - | 1.09 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 007 | 1.29 ± 0.02 | - | 2.06 ± 0.24 | 1.02 ± 0.00 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | 1.11 ± 0.01 | 0.85 ± 0.03 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | - | 1.09 ± 0.11 | 1.75 ± 0.88 | - | 1.20 ± 0.01 | 1.05 ± 0.01 |
| 3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.87 ± 0.01 | - | 2.10 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.63 ± 0.01 | - | - | - |
| dihydro-3-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone | - | - | 6.47 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone | - | - | 2.21 ± 0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sulfur compounds | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carbon disulfide | - | - | 0.48 ± 0.00 | - | 1.09 ± 0.08 | 1.10 ± 0.00 | - | - | 0.39 ± 0.10 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.52 ± 0.00 | - | 0.73 ± 0.01 | - |
| Dimethyl trisulfide | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.76 ± 0.01 | 6.60 ± 0.03 | 1.61 ± 0.00 | 7.41 ± 0.03 | - | 6.37 ± 0.05 | 7.64 ± 0.23 | 7.28 ± 0.73 | - | 8.46 ± 0.00 | 7.97 ± 0.07 | 6.97 ± 0.08 |
| Dimethyl sulfone | 1.67 ± 0.01 | 1.68 ± 0.01 | 1.32 ± 0.10 | - | 2.75 ± 0.20 | - | - | 1.52 ± 0.01 | 0.99 ± 0.25 | - | 1.30 ± 0.04 | - | - | 1.68 ± 0.17 | 1.32 ± 0.01 | - | 1.83 ± 0.02 | 1.60 ± 0.02 |
| (methylsulfonyl)-ethene | 3.27 ± 0.01 | 3.29 ± 0.03 | - | 3.88 ± 0.05 | 5.41 ± 0.39 | - | 3.06 ± 0.00 | 2.98 ± 0.01 | - | 3.35 ± 0.01 | 2.55 ± 0.08 | - | 3.45 ± 0.11 | 3.29 ± 0.33 | - | 3.82 ± 0.00 | 3.60 ± 0.03 | - |
| 1,2,4,6-tetrathiepane | - | 25.92 ± 0.22 | 20.48 ± 1.58 | - | 31.34 ± 2.29 | - | 24.09 ± 0.02 | 23.49 ± 0.12 | 15.30 ± 3.83 | 26.39 ± 0.09 | 14.75 ± 0.48 | 22.68 ± 0.17 | 27.20 ± 0.83 | 25.91 ± 2.61 | 20.46 ± 0.18 | 30.13 ± 0.00 | - | 24.81 ± 0.27 |
| 1,3-dithiolane-2-thione | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24.67 ± 16.85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lenthionine | 35.27 ± 0.16 | 35.46 ± 0.30 | - | 41.77 ± 0.56 | - | 63.31 ± 4.39 | 32.95 ± 0.03 | 32.13 ± 0.16 | 30.93 ± 5.24 | 36.09 ± 0.13 | 27.43 ± 0.90 | 31.02 ± 0.23 | 37.21 ± 1.14 | 45.11 ± 6.10 | 27.98 ± 0.24 | 41.21 ± 0.00 | 38.81 ± 0.34 | 33.94 ± 0.37 |
| Pyrazines | ||||||||||||||||||
| Methyl-pyrazine | - | - | 1.35 ± 0.10 | - | 5.81 ± 0.42 | - | - | - | 1.01 ± 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.35 ± 0.02 | - | - | - |
| 2,6-dimethyl-Pyrazine | - | - | 2.79 ± 0.21 | - | - | - | 3.28 ± 0.00 | 3.20 ± 0.02 | 2.08 ± 0.52 | 3.60 ± 0.01 | 2.73 ± 0.09 | 3.09 ± 0.03 | - | - | 2.79 ± 0.02 | - | 3.87 ± 0.03 | - |
| 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.85 ± 0.96 | - | 5.05 ± 0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Others | ||||||||||||||||||
| D-limonene | 10.38 ± 0.05 | 10.43 ± 0.09 | 8.24 ± 0.64 | 11.33 ± 1.19 | 17.16 ± 1.25 | - | 9.70 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | 8.07 ± 0.27 | 9.13 ± 0.07 | 10.95 ± 0.33 | - | - | - | - | - |
| n-hexane | 1.20 ± 0.01 | 1.21 ± 0.01 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 1.42 ± 0.02 | 1.98 ± 0.15 | 2.27 ± 0.26 | 1.12 ± 0.00 | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 1.27 ± 0.04 | 0.64 ± 0.27 | 1.05 ± 0.00 | 1.32 ± 0.01 | ||||||
| 1-(2-furanyl)-ethanone | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.02 ± 0.03 | 3.82 ± 0.00 | - | - |
| 2-pentyl-furan | 11.60 ± 0.05 | 10.58 ± 0.98 | 0.88 ± 0.10 | 13.74 ± 0.18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.21 ± 0.08 | - | - | - |
| 2-acetylthiazole | - | - | 6.17 ± 0.48 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.04 ± 0.20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Phenol | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.01 ± 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2-methyl-phenol | - | - | 2.82 ± 0.22 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.11 ± 0.53 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.82 ± 0.02 | - | - | - |
ST, steam treatment; BO, boil treatment; FR: fry treatment, MI: microwave treatment; HP: high-pressure treatment; UN: uncooked. The results were expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). - not detected.