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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nano Res. 2021 Oct 12;15(3):2300–2314. doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-3813-1

Figure 1.

Figure 1

PBNP-PTT generates immunogenicity of SM1 cells in vitro. SM1 cells (10 million cells/mL) were treated with varied doses of PBNP-PTT or controls. (a) Effect of varying thermal doses of PBNP-PTT on immunogenicity was studied, as measured by tumor cell viability, ICD correlates, cellular markers, and activation of T cells. (b) Cell suspension temperature was measured every minute for ten min using a thermal camera. (c) Thermal dose (∑CEM43) values. (d) Viability, (e) intracellular ATP, (f) calreticulin, (g) intracellular HMGB1, (h) CD80, (i) CD86, (j) MHC1, (k) CD137L, and (l) MART-1 were visualized on SM1 cells 24 h after treatment. Values indicate MFI. (m) SM1 cells were left untreated (CTRL) or treated in vitro with Vehicle (PBS), PBNPs, or PBNP-PTT, and then co-cultured with ex vivo T cells isolated from spleens of naïve mice at an E:T ratio of 5:1. After 48 h, CD69 expression was measured on live T cells. (n) PBNP-PTT-treated SM1 cells express APC-like phenotype. Values represent means ± standard deviation (SD), n = 3/group; ns: not significant, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.