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. 2022 Aug 25;11(17):2575. doi: 10.3390/foods11172575

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gut dysbiosis and potential metabolism-dependent pathways linked to cardiometabolic diseases. Gut microbiota are linked to various CMD developments via the production of metabolites such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide production, and uremic toxin. SCFA: short chain fatty acids; TMA: trimethylamine; TMAO: trimethylamine N-oxide; GPR: G-protein–coupled receptor; Olfr78: olfactory receptors; BP: blood pressure; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; TGRS, G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor.