Table 2.
Changes in proportion of resistance to 17 antibiotics in pneumococcal carriage isolates stratified by age
|
Changes in resistance in pneumococcal isolates in the PCV7 era and PCV13 era in different age groups % (n) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Antibiotics |
Children ≤2 years of age |
Children between 3 to 5 years |
Adults over 5 years |
||||||
|
PCV7 era ( N =516) |
PCV13 era ( N =479) |
P-value |
PCV7 era ( N =172) |
PCV13 era ( N =218) |
P -value |
PCV7 era ( N =211) |
PCV13 era ( N =229) |
P -value |
|
|
Penicillin |
55.5 % (286) |
41.8 % (200) |
<0.001 |
46.6 % (80) |
41.3 % (90) |
0.56 |
37 % (78) |
30.3 % (69) |
0.32 |
|
Amoxicillin |
2.6 % (13) |
0.7 % (3) |
0.04 |
4.7 % (8) |
0.5 % (1) |
0.06 |
2.4 % (5) |
0.5 % (1) |
0.32 |
|
Meropenem |
7.4 % (38) |
2.3 % (11) |
<0.001 |
9.9 % (17) |
3.7 % (8) |
0.08 |
6.2 % (13) |
2.2 % (5) |
0.32 |
|
Cefotaxime |
4.1 % (21) |
1.1 % (5) |
0.006 |
5.3 % (9) |
2.3 % (5) |
0.38 |
3.8 % (8) |
0.9 % (2) |
0.32 |
|
Ceftriaxone |
6.4 % (33) |
1.5 % (7) |
<0.001 |
8.2 % (14) |
2.3 % (5) |
0.06 |
4.3 % (9) |
1.8 % (4) |
0.32 |
|
Cefuroxime |
9.9 % (51) |
3.2 % (15) |
<0.001 |
14 % (24) |
4.6 % (10) |
0.035 |
7.2 % (15) |
3.6 % (8) |
0.32 |
|
Erythromycin |
20 % (103) |
12.2 % (58) |
0.002 |
17.5 % (30) |
12.9 % (28) |
0.50 |
15.7 % (33) |
13.6 % (31) |
1.00 |
|
Clindamycin |
10.7 % (55) |
5.7 % (27) |
0.009 |
9.4 % (16) |
4.6 % (10) |
0.23 |
9.5 % (20) |
5.3 % (12) |
0.29 |
|
Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
|
Linezolid |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
|
Co-trimoxazole |
77.2 % (398) |
71 % (340) |
0.049 |
66.3 % (114) |
68.9 % (150) |
1.00 |
58.3 % (123) |
57.3 % (131) |
1.00 |
|
Tetracycline |
18 % (93) |
10.2 % (49) |
0.002 |
19.8 % (34) |
12.8 % (28) |
0.18 |
15.2 % (32) |
10.5 % (24) |
0.32 |
|
Doxycycline |
18 % (93) |
10.2 % (49) |
0.002 |
19.8 % (34) |
12.8 % (28) |
0.18 |
15.2 % (32) |
10.5 % (24) |
0.32 |
|
Levofloxacin |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
|
Chloramphenicol |
2.2 % (11) |
2.1 % (10) |
1.00 |
1.8 % (3) |
1.9 % (4) |
1.00 |
1 % (2) |
0.5 % (1) |
1.00 |
|
Rifampin |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
|
Vancomycin |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
0 |
0 |
1.00 |
There was one isolate with no predicted output for the beta-lactams from individuals over 5 years in the PCV13 era. This isolate was taken out of the analysis for calculating the percentages and P-values for beta-lactams. Resistant and intermediate isolates were grouped together into the resistant category for this comparison.