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. 2022 Aug 24;23(17):9577. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179577

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of CPZ rectal administration on gut microbiota. (A,B) Relative bacterial abundances of Gram+ve bacteria in cecum, (C) relative bacterial abundances of Gram−ve bacteria in cecum and (D) relative abundance of firmicutes and bacteroidetes in cecum (n = 3). Mice were divided into two groups—Control (administered vehicle rectally) and CPZ (administered 531 µM CPZ rectally). Treatment was given for two weeks. After sacrifice, the cecum content was collected, weighed and bacterial DNA was isolated using a commercial kit. The DNA quantity was measured, and quality was assessed with agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA was subjected to qRT-PCR based changes in gene expression of various gut bacteria. The data were normalized with total bacteria as internal control and presented in the form of relative fold change. All data are represented as mean ± SEM. Intergroup variations were assessed using a Student’s unpaired t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus Control.