Table 3.
Lunasin activity against cancer cell lines.
| Tissue | Cell Line | Lunasin Source | Concentration | Assay | Effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colon | HT-29 (Human) |
Soybean (~90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS and crystal violet staining | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 61.7 µM) and morphologic alterations |
[78] |
| Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 61.7 µM) |
[66] | ||
| Synthetic | 10–200 µM | MTT | ↓ Proliferation | [51] | ||
| HCT-116 (Human) |
Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 26.3 µM) |
[66] | |
| Recombinant | 1–100 µM | MTT | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 64.25 μM) |
[63] | ||
| Synthetic | 2 µM | Trypan blue exclusion, apoptosis detection (annexin V) and colonosphere formation | ↓ Proliferation. ↑ Apoptotic cells. ↓ Colonosphere formation |
[84] | ||
| Recombinant | 20, 40 and 80 µM | Apoptosis detection (annexin V-PE/7-AAD) |
↑ Apoptotic cells | [64] | ||
| Synthetic | 5–160 µM | MTT, tumorsphere formation and apoptosis detection (annexin V/PI) |
↓ Proliferation (IC50 107.5 µM). ↓ Tumorsphere formation (IC50 161 µM). ↑ Apoptotic cells |
[83] | ||
| HCT-116OxR (Human) |
Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 31.6 µM) |
[66] | |
| KM12L4 (Human) |
Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 13 µM) |
[66] | |
| KM12L4OxR (Human) |
Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 34.7 µM) |
[66] | |
| RKO (Human) |
Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 21.6 µM) |
[66] | |
| RKOOxR (Human) |
Soybean (>90%) |
1–100 µM | MTS | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 38.9 µM) |
[66] | |
| Caco-2 (Human) |
Synthetic | 0.5–25 µM | MTT | No effect | [56] | |
| Synthetic | 10–200 µM | MTT | Modest decrease in viability (24 h and 48 h). No cytotoxicity (72 h) |
[51] | ||
| Stomach | AGS (Human) |
Synthetic | 10–200 µM | MTT | Modest decrease in viability |
[51] |
| Liver | HepG2 (Human) |
Synthetic | 0.5–50 µM | Crystal violet staining | No effect | [57] |
| Recombinant | 1–100 µM | MTT | No effect | [63] | ||
| Recombinant | 20, 40 and 80 µM | Apoptosis detection (annexin V-PE/7-AAD) |
Negligible early apoptosis induction |
[64] | ||
| Breast | MCF-7 (Human) |
Synthetic | 10 µM | Coulter counter | No effect | [16] |
| Synthetic | 2 µM | TUNEL and mammosphere formation |
↑ Apoptotic cells. No influence on mammosphere formation |
[85] | ||
| Synthetic | 0–320 µM | MTT | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 431.9 µM) |
[67] | ||
| MDA-MB-231 (Human) |
Synthetic | 0.1–200 µM | MTT and apoptosis detection (annexin V/7-AAD) |
↓ Proliferation (IC50 181 µM). No apoptosis induction |
[86] | |
| Synthetic | 1–200 µM | MTT and apoptosis detection (annexin V/7-AAD) |
↓ Proliferation (IC50 181 µM). No apoptosis induction |
[87] | ||
| Synthetic | 10–200 µM |
MTT | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 181 µM) |
[13] | ||
| Recombinant | 1–100 µM | MTT | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 56.73 μM) |
[63] | ||
| Synthetic | 0–320 µM | MTT | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 194.9 µM) |
[67] | ||
| Recombinant | 20, 40 and 80 µM | Apoptosis detection (annexin V-PE/7-AAD) |
↑ Apoptotic cells | [64] | ||
| 4T1 (Mouse) |
Synthetic | 1–50 µM | MTT | No effect | [69] | |
| Skin (Melanoma) |
A375 (Human) |
Soybean (>99%) |
100 µM | MTS and colony Formation |
No effect on cell proliferation. ↓ Colony formation (37%) |
[77] |
| SKMEL-28 (Human) |
Soybean (>99%) |
100 µM | MTS and colony formation |
No effect on cell proliferation. ↓ Colony formation (23%) |
[77] | |
| B16-F10 (Mouse) |
Soybean | 100 µM | Oncosphere formation and Transwell invasion |
↓ Oncosphere formation (29%). ↓ Invasion (60%) |
[21] | |
| B16-F0 (Mouse) |
Soybean (>99%) |
1–100 µM | MTS and colony formation |
Modest decrease in viability. ↓ Colony formation |
[88] | |
| Lung | NCI-H661 (Human) |
Soybean (>99%) |
1–100 µM | MTS, colony formation and apoptosis detection (annexin V-Cy3™ and 6-CFDA) |
↓ Proliferation (IC50 63.9 µM) ↓ Number of colonies |
[68] |
| NCI-H1299 (Human) |
Soybean (>99%) |
1–100 µM | MTS and colony formation |
No cytotoxicity. ↓ Number and size of colonies. |
[68] | |
| NCI-H460 (Human) |
Soybean (>99%) |
1–100 µM | MTS and colony formation |
No cytotoxicity. ↓ Colony size. |
[68] | |
| A549 (Human) |
Soybean (>99%) |
1–100 µM | MTS and colony formation |
No cytotoxicity. ↓ Colony number |
[68] | |
| LLC (Mouse) |
Soybean (>99%) |
1–100 µM | MTS and colony formation |
Modest decrease in viability. ↓ Colony formation. |
[88] | |
| Blood (Leukemia) |
THP-1 (Human) |
Soybean (>95%) |
10–100 µM | MTS | No effect | [59] |
| L1210 (Mouse) |
Soybean (~98%) |
0–100 µM | CCK-8 | ↓ Proliferation (IC50 14 µM) |
[46] |
The downward (↓) and upward (↑) arrows indicate decrease and increase, respectively. Abbreviations: 6-CFDA, 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate; 7-AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin D; CCK-8, cell counting kit-8; IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PE, phycoerythrin; PI, propidium iodide; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog gene; Ref., reference; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.