Table 2.
Comparative analysis of multi-disease prediction model with different meta-heuristic algorithms
| TERMS | PSO-EL-WRBM [45] | WOA-JA-EL-WRBM [46] | JA-EL-WRBM [47] | GWO-EL-WRBM [44] | ASR-CHIO-EL-WRBM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dataset 1 | |||||
| MCC | 85.155501 | 85.595915 | 84.509656 | 84.945289 | 86.377275 |
| F1-Score | 90.196078 | 90.483904 | 89.774030 | 90.058669 | 90.995191 |
| FDR | 12.669838 | 12.298030 | 13.172853 | 12.834088 | 11.655686 |
| NPV | 96.509816 | 96.613101 | 96.335235 | 96.453264 | 96.806240 |
| FNR | 6.743521 | 6.551892 | 7.072028 | 6.849982 | 6.189926 |
| FPR | 6.764813 | 6.551892 | 7.049215 | 6.857586 | 6.188405 |
| Precision | 87.330162 | 87.701970 | 86.827147 | 87.165912 | 88.344314 |
| Specificity | 93.235187 | 93.448108 | 92.950785 | 93.142414 | 93.811595 |
| Sensitivity | 93.256479 | 93.448108 | 92.927972 | 93.150018 | 93.810074 |
| Accuracy | 93.242284 | 93.448108 | 92.943180 | 93.144949 | 93.811088 |
| Dataset 2 | |||||
| MCC | 86.415733 | 86.723876 | 85.770467 | 86.251215 | 87.434403 |
| F1-Score | 92.556252 | 92.723247 | 92.204440 | 92.463276 | 93.108797 |
| FDR | 8.182084 | 7.983009 | 8.557636 | 8.220985 | 7.526409 |
| NPV | 94.477172 | 94.590948 | 94.204322 | 94.359980 | 94.855463 |
| FNR | 6.693440 | 6.559572 | 7.020675 | 6.842184 | 6.247211 |
| FPR | 6.770013 | 6.600460 | 7.084898 | 6.794235 | 6.212910 |
| Precision | 91.817916 | 92.016991 | 91.442364 | 91.779015 | 92.473592 |
| Specificity | 93.229987 | 93.399540 | 92.915102 | 93.205765 | 93.787090 |
| Sensitivity | 93.306560 | 93.440428 | 92.979325 | 93.157817 | 93.752789 |
| Accuracy | 93.264353 | 93.417891 | 92.943925 | 93.184246 | 93.771696 |
| Dataset 3 | |||||
| MCC | 80.877020 | 81.374946 | 80.138061 | 80.729688 | 82.398925 |
| Sensitivity | 93.165217 | 93.486957 | 92.947826 | 93.139130 | 93.791304 |
| Specificity | 93.239130 | 93.384783 | 92.921739 | 93.169565 | 93.815217 |
| Accuracy | 93.224348 | 93.405217 | 92.926957 | 93.163478 | 93.810435 |
| FNR | 6.834783 | 6.513044 | 7.052174 | 6.860870 | 6.208696 |
| Precision | 77.502894 | 77.939684 | 76.651129 | 77.318992 | 79.128457 |
| FDR | 22.497107 | 22.060316 | 23.348871 | 22.681008 | 20.871543 |
| F1-Score | 84.615385 | 85.008302 | 84.016506 | 84.494932 | 858.38208 |
| NPV | 98.200385 | 98.286277 | 98.137987 | 98.192316 | 98.372427 |
| FPR | 6.760870 | 6.615217 | 7.078261 | 6.830435 | 6.184783 |
| Dataset 4 | |||||
| MCC | 59.566585 | 59.934307 | 58.559462 | 58.795777 | 61.304260 |
| F1-Score | 57.354759 | 57.783313 | 56.272838 | 56.548348 | 59.287532 |
| Specificity | 93.252417 | 93.375849 | 92.984983 | 93.067270 | 93.746143 |
| FPR | 6.747583 | 6.624151 | 7.015018 | 6.932730 | 6.253857 |
| FNR | 6.827309 | 6.827309 | 72.28916 | 7.228916 | 6.425703 |
| NPV | 99.626374 | 99.626866 | 99.603350 | 99.603699 | 99.650120 |
| Precision | 41.428571 | 41.877256 | 40.384615 | 40.669014 | 43.389199 |
| F1-Score | 57.354759 | 57.783313 | 56.272838 | 56.548348 | 59.287532 |
| Sensitivity | 93.172691 | 93.172691 | 92.771084 | 92.771084 | 93.574297 |
| Accuracy | 93.248532 | 93.365949 | 92.974560 | 93.052838 | 93.737769 |
| FDR | 59.566585 | 59.934307 | 58.559462 | 58.795777 | 61.304260 |
| Dataset 5 | |||||
| F1-Score | 93.545817 | 93.535515 | 93.216281 | 93.216281 | 94.014366 |
| FNR | 6.677266 | 6.836248 | 7.154213 | 7.154213 | 6.359301 |
| Specificity | 93.048128 | 93.226382 | 92.869875 | 92.869875 | 93.761141 |
| FDR | 6.230032 | 6.089744 | 6.410256 | 6.410256 | 5.608974 |
| NPV | 92.553192 | 92.402827 | 92.049470 | 92.049470 | 92.932862 |
| Accuracy | 93.193277 | 93.193277 | 92.857143 | 92.857143 | 93.697479 |
| Sensitivity | 93.0322735 | 93.163752 | 92.845787 | 92.845787 | 93.640700 |
| MCC | 86.347008 | 86.351600 | 85.677429 | 85.677429 | 87.362855 |
| Precision | 93.769968 | 93.910256 | 93.589744 | 93.589744 | 94.391026 |
| FPR | 6.951872 | 6.773619 | 7.130125 | 7.130125 | 6.238859 |
| Dataset 6 | |||||
| Sensitivity | 92.962357 | 93.126023 | 92.635025 | 92.962357 | 93.780687 |
| NPV | 92.110092 | 92.321755 | 91.788321 | 92.110092 | 93.001842 |
| FDR | 6.270627 | 5.794702 | 6.135987 | 6.270627 | 5.756579 |
| FPR | 7.037037 | 6.481482 | 6.851852 | 7.037037 | 6.481482 |
| FNR | 7.037643 | 6.873977 | 7.364976 | 7.037643 | 6.219313 |
| F1-Score | 93.344289 | 93.662551 | 93.245470 | 93.344289 | 94.011485 |
| Accuracy | 92.962641 | 93.310165 | 92.875760 | 92.962641 | 93.657689 |
| MCC | 85.882382 | 86.585777 | 85.717729 | 85.882382 | 87.272230 |
| Specificity | 92.962963 | 93.518519 | 93.148148 | 92.962963 | 93.518519 |
| Precision | 93.729373 | 94.205298 | 93.864013 | 93.729373 | 94.243421 |