Table 3.

Comparative analysis of multi-disease prediction model with different prediction models

TERMS	DNN [18]	SVM [22]	XGBOOST [25]	LSTM [23]	LSTM–RNN [20]	ENSEMBLE [26]	ASR-CHIO-EL-WRBM
Dataset 1
Accuracy	0.92319625	0.91303686	0.92863082	0.91688972	0.92300361	0.92485907	0.93811088
FDR	0.14259076	0.16016335	0.13321598	0.15327770	0.14286925	0.13966322	0.11655686
FNR	0.07689500	0.08671980	0.07138946	0.08340431	0.07716876	0.07531330	0.06189926
Precision	0.85740924	0.83983665	0.86678402	0.84672230	0.85713075	0.86033678	0.88344314
FPR	0.07675812	0.08708480	0.07135905	0.08296326	0.07691021	0.07505475	0.06188405
Sensitivity	0.92310500	0.91328020	0.92861054	0.91659569	0.92283125	0.92468670	0.93810074
Specificity	0.92324188	0.91291520	0.92864095	0.91703674	0.92308979	0.92494525	0.93811595
F1-Score	0.88904513	0.87502004	0.89663274	0.88027459	0.88876846	0.89135184	0.90995191
MCC	0.83176284	0.81018974	0.84339840	0.81828770	0.83133917	0.83530372	0.86377275
NPV	0.96002088	0.95465751	0.96298516	0.95650312	0.95987791	0.96088035	0.96806240
Dataset 2
Precision	0.907762023	0.894736842	0.912916423	0.899664086	0.908185679	0.909609478	0.924735915
FPR	0.076420007	0.087440959	0.07218118	0.083202132	0.07593557	0.074845586	0.062129103
F1-Score	0.915659098	0.903696068	0.921058451	0.907885041	0.915289256	0.917256637	0.931087968
MCC	0.846002514	0.823985702	0.85584887	0.831746687	0.845417419	0.848950954	0.874344031
NPV	0.936970144	0.927841399	0.941617502	0.930775851	0.936081462	0.938106349	0.94855463
FDR	0.092237977	0.105263158	0.087083577	0.100335914	0.091814321	0.090390522	0.075264085
Sensitivity	0.923694779	0.912836531	0.929347018	0.916257623	0.922504834	0.925033467	0.937527889
Specificity	0.923579993	0.912559041	0.92781882	0.916797868	0.92406443	0.925154414	0.937870897
Accuracy	0.923631509	0.912683578	0.928504673	0.916555407	0.923364486	0.925100134	0.937716956
FNR	0.076305221	0.087163469	0.070652982	0.083742377	0.077495166	0.074966533	0.062472111
Dataset 3
NPV	0.9794059	0.9766301	0.9810095	0.9781444	0.9796493	0.9801096	0.9837243
FDR	0.2497524	0.2760072	0.2350201	0.2667546	0.2501412	0.2436353	0.2087154
Specificity	0.9232391	0.9130217	0.9287174	0.9165000	0.9230000	0.9255217	0.9381522
MCC	0.7854842	0.7605627	0.7994792	0.7705301	0.7857390	0.7913857	0.8239893
Accuracy	0.9230609	0.9129391	0.9285913	0.9168174	0.9230609	0.9253913	0.9381043
FNR	0.0776522	0.0873913	0.0719130	0.0819130	0.0766957	0.0751304	0.0620870
Precision	0.7502476	0.7239928	0.7649799	0.7332454	0.7498588	0.7563647	0.7912846
FPR	0.0767609	0.0869783	0.0712826	0.0835000	0.0770000	0.0744783	0.0618478
F1-Score	0.8274436	0.8074319	0.8386767	0.8153211	0.8275916	0.8321728	0.8583821
Sensitivity	0.9223478	0.9126087	0.9280870	0.9180870	0.9233043	0.9248696	0.9379130
Dataset 4
MCC	0.5685109	0.5272423	0.5878882	0.5449743	0.5685915	0.5730059	0.6130426
Specificity	0.9245011	0.9115408	0.9298498	0.9170952	0.9236783	0.9253240	0.9374614
FDR	0.6147404	0.6554878	0.5951134	0.6386688	0.6162791	0.6111111	0.5661080
F1-Score	0.5437352	0.4994475	0.5644769	0.5181818	0.5428907	0.5480427	0.5928753
FPR	0.0754989	0.0884592	0.0701502	0.0829048	0.0763217	0.0746760	0.0625386
FNR	0.0763052	0.0923695	0.0682731	0.0843373	0.0722892	0.0722892	0.0642570
NPV	0.9957899	0.9948361	0.9962530	0.9953115	0.9960071	0.9960142	0.9965012
Accuracy	0.9244618	0.9113503	0.9299413	0.9170254	0.9238748	0.9254403	0.9373777
Sensitivity	0.9236948	0.9076305	0.9317269	0.9156627	0.9277108	0.9277108	0.9357430
Precision	0.3852596	0.3445122	0.4048866	0.3613312	0.3837209	0.3888889	0.4338920
Dataset 5
Accuracy	0.92352941	0.91176471	0.92689076	0.91512605	0.92100840	0.92352941	0.93697479
Sensitivity	0.92368839	0.91096979	0.92845787	0.91414944	0.92050874	0.92368839	0.93640700
FDR	0.06891026	0.07877814	0.06709265	0.07556270	0.07062600	0.06891026	0.05608974
F1-Score	0.92737430	0.91606715	0.93067729	0.91926459	0.92492013	0.92737430	0.94014366
MCC	0.84666174	0.82312789	0.85335580	0.82986853	0.84163386	0.84666174	0.87362855
Specificity	0.92335116	0.91265597	0.92513369	0.91622103	0.92156863	0.92335116	0.93761141
NPV	0.91519435	0.90140845	0.92021277	0.90492958	0.91181658	0.91519435	0.92932862
FPR	0.07664884	0.08734403	0.07486631	0.08377897	0.07843137	0.07664884	0.06238859
FNR	0.07631161	0.08903021	0.07154213	0.08585056	0.07949126	0.07631161	0.06359300
Precision	0.93108974	0.92122186	0.93290735	0.92443730	0.92937400	0.93108974	0.94391026
Dataset 6
Precision	0.9308072488	0.9195402299	0.9372937294	0.9270315091	0.9323432343	0.9369817579	0.9424342105
FPR	0.0777777778	0.0907407407	0.0703703704	0.0814814815	0.0759259259	0.0703703704	0.0648148148
Specificity	0.9222222222	0.9092592593	0.9296296296	0.9185185185	0.9240740741	0.9296296296	0.9351851852
MCC	0.8465920461	0.8256168952	0.8588238149	0.8327763243	0.8483635055	0.8536914344	0.8727223013
FNR	0.0752864157	0.0834697218	0.0703764321	0.0851063830	0.0752864157	0.0752864157	0.0621931260
Accuracy	0.9235447437	0.9131190269	0.9296264118	0.9165942659	0.9244135534	0.9270199826	0.9365768897
Sensitivity	0.9247135843	0.9165302782	0.9296235679	0.9148936170	0.9247135843	0.9247135843	0.9378068740
FDR	0.0691927512	0.0804597701	0.0627062706	0.0729684909	0.0676567657	0.0630182421	0.0575657895
F1-Score	0.9277504105	0.9180327869	0.9334428924	0.9209225700	0.9285127362	0.9308072488	0.9401148482
NPV	0.9154411765	0.9059040590	0.9211009174	0.9051094891	0.9155963303	0.9160583942	0.9300184162