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. 2022 Aug 25;23(17):9615. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179615

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Role of the protein–protein interaction involving AQP5 in salivary gland epithelial cells. Nervous stimulation induces the release of both NA and Ach, which bind to AR and MR. AR activation induces the subsequent activation of Gs protein and AC. AC induces an increase in intracellular levels of cAMP, which activates PKA. MR activation induces the subsequent activation of protein Gq and PLC. PLC cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and DAG. IP3 stimulates calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum and the activation of PKC. These stimuli induce AQP5 trafficking to the plasma membrane. The interaction between AQP5 and NKCC1, AE2 and TRPV4 is likely involved in cell volume regulation and cytoskeleton dynamic regulation, while the interaction between AQP5 and PIP and EZR is likely involved in AQP5 trafficking to the apical plasma membrane. AC: adenylyl cyclase; Ach: acetylcholine; AE2: anion exchanger 2; ß1AR: β1 adrenergic receptors; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; DAG: diacylglycerol; EZR: ezrin; Gq: protein Gq; Gs: protein Gs; H: hormone; IP3: inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate; MR: M1 and M3 subtypes of muscarinic receptors; NA: noradrenaline; NKCC1: Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1; PIP: prolactin-inducible protein; PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PLC: phospholipase C; PKA: protein kinase A; PKC: protein kinase C; TRPV4: Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4.