Table 3.

An overview of some representative PE applications.

	Fields	Targets	Details	References
Applications of PE	Medicine	HEK293T cells	correcting the mutant HBB allele to wild-type HBB, T•A to A•T (Sickle cell disease)	[9]
			deleting a 4-bp insertion in HEXA (Tay-Sachs disease)
		mouse neuro-2a (N2a) cells/mouse embryos	generating base conversion in Ar gene and Hoxd13 gene	[78]
		liver- and intestine-derived organoid cells/HEK293T cells/Caco-2 cells	promoting a biallelic 3-bp deletion in DGAT1, creating in-frame deletions in CTNNB1 (liver cancer) and repairing a 1-bp duplication in ATP7B (Wilson disease)	[79]
		Fahmut/mut mice	rescuing a homozygous G-to-A point mutation in Fah gene (hereditary tyrosinemia type 1) and correcting a C-to-T transition in RPE65 gene (Leber congenital amaurosis)	[80]
		mouse N2a cells	installing a G-deletion mutation in Crygc gene (cataract disorder)	[81]
		human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)	repairing a missense mutation in SAMHD1 gene (Aicardi–Goutières syndrome)	[82]
		Fah−/− mouse primary hepatocytes	correcting a Fah mutation (Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1)	[26]
	Agriculture	rice (Oryza sativa)	editing the OsALS (herbicide resistance), OsIPA (rice yield) and OsTB1 gene (lateral braching)	[86]
		the Japonica rice (Oryza sativa) variety Zhonghua11 and the winter wheat variety Kenong199 protoplasts	producing a wide variety of edits at genomic sites (including C-to-T, G-to-T, A-to-G, G-to-A, T-to-A, and C-to-A substitutions in rice; including A-to-T, C-to-G, G-to-C, T-to-G, and C-to-A substitutions in wheat)	[89]
		tomato	GAI, ALS2 and PDS1	[90]
		maize	introducing W542L and S621I double mutations in ZmALS1 and ZmALS2 (herbicide resistance)	[11]

The content in brackets complements the disease or its function associated with the gene.