Figure 3.

Secondary metabolites’ influence on signaling mediators of various pathways. Abbreviations: SM—secondary metabolite, MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinases, mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin, RTK—receptor tyrosine kinases, RAS—rat sarcoma virus proteins, Raf—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma protein, GLUT—glucose transporter, ROS—reactive oxygen species, TGF-βR—transforming growth factor beta, JAK—janus kinase, JNK—c-Jun N-terminal kinase, MEK—mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, Erk—extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt—protein kinase B, HIF-1α—hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α, NFkB—nuclear factor kappa B, PDK—pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, G—glucose, TRADD—TNFR1-associated death domain protein, FADD—Fas-associated death domain, CDK2—cyclin-dependent kinase 2, IkB—IkappaB kinase, TCA cycle—tricarboxylic acid cycle. Point arrow—activation, block arrow—inhibition.