. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2022 Jul;33(3):123–129. doi: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000195

Table 4.

Comparison of Predicted Respiratory Pressures in Hopi Youth Using the Derived Prediction Equations and Previously Published Equations for Use in Other Youth Populations

	Males (n = 125)		Females (n = 163)
	MIP (cm H₂O)	MEP (cm H₂O)	MIP (cm H₂O)	MEP (cm H₂O)
Actual: Hopi	86.8 (23.0)	100.2 (34.7)	73.7 (22.0)	75.9 (26.1)
Predicted: Hopi^a	86.8 (13.3)	100.2 (17.5)	73.7 (9.1)	75.9 (10.0)
Predicted: Arnall (Navajo)^b	77.2 (10.2)^*	74.3 (10.0)^*	66.9 (5.5)^*	64.9 (5.5)^*
Predicted: Wilson (Caucasian)^c	72.8 (9.5)^*	85.3 (9.8)^*	61.8 (8.6)^*	67.1 (8.5)^*
Predicted: Tomalak (Caucasian)^d	66.4 (13.0)^*	69.7 (8.6)^*	56.5 (8.4)^*	66.3 (5.1)^*

Mean (SD) predicted values over all subjects; Predictions using the equations from:

the present study (Table 2)

the existing equations from Arnall et al.¹¹ (Table 3)

the existing equations from Wilson et al.⁵ (Table 3)

the existing equations from Tomalak et al.⁴ (Table 3)

Values significantly different from the actual values measured in the sample and from the value derived from the Hopi prediction equations (p≤0.001 for all).