. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2022 Jul;33(3):123–129. doi: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000195

Table 6.

Maximal Expiratory Pressure Predictions within Sex and across Age Groups in Hopi Youth Using the Derived Prediction Equations and Previously Published Equations for Use in Other Youth Populations

	Measured MEP (cm H₂O)	Hopi Predicted^a MEP (cm H₂O)	LLN (cm H₂O)	Arnall Predicted^b MEP (cm H₂O)	Wilson Predicted^c MEP (cm H₂O)	Tomalak Predicted^d MEP (cm H₂O)
Males
4–5 yr (n = 4)	56.5 (8.7)	56.8 (9.3)	7.1	49.6 (2.8)	61.1 (2.8)	48.4 (2.4)
6–7 yr (n = 19)	81.6 (30.7)	79.4 (9.1)	29.7	60.1 (2.5)	72.1 (2.5)	58.0 (2.2)
8–9 yr (n = 44)	95.4 (31.1)	95.7 (9.6)	46.0	70.7 (2.8)	81.9 (2.8)	66.6 (2.4)
10–11 yr (n = 52)	114.4 (34.9)	111.8 (8.3)	62.1	82.0 (2.8)	93.0 (2.8)	76.4 (2.4)
12–13 yr (n = 6)	100.8 (23.8)	128.6 (7.7)	78.9	92.1 (2.9)	102.8 (2.8)	85.1 (2.5)

Females
4–5 yr (n = 5)	46.0 (10.2)	52.8 (0.4)	13.0	52.5 (0.0)	48.0 (0.0)	54.9 (0.0)
6–7 yr (n = 31)	66.7 (16.9)	63.0 (2.8)	23.2	57.8 (1.4)	56.2 (2.2)	59.8 (1.3)
8–9 yr (n = 65)	73.1 (23.0)	74.1 (2.8)	34.3	63.8 (1.5)	65.5 (2.3)	65.4 (1.4)
10–11 yr (n = 48)	82.9 (29.7)	84.0 (2.7)	44.2	69.4 (1.6)	74.2 (2.4)	70.6 (1.4)
12–13 yr (n = 14)	95.6 (28.5)	92.7 (0.6)	52.9	74.2 (0.0)	81.6 (0.0)	75.0 (0.0)

Actual and predicted values are mean (SD); Predictions using the equations from:

the present study (Table 2)

the existing equations from Arnall et al.¹¹ (Table 3)

the existing equations from Wilson et al.⁵ (Table 3)

the existing equations from Tomalak et al.⁴ (Table 3)

LLN = lower limit of the normal range (5^th percentile).