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. 2022 Sep 2;23(17):10009. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710009

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of the low carbohydrate diet and curcumin on testicular intrinsic apoptosis pathway regulators (a) protein expressions in each group (b) Bax:Bcl-xl, (c) caspase 9, (d) caspase 3, (e) cleaved-caspase 3, (f) PARP, (g) cleaved-PARP in male mice. Data are expressed as means ± SD. n = 6–9 per group. Bars (a, b, c) with different letters indicate that values are significantly different. (One-way ANOVA, Duncan’s test, p < 0.05). AIN-93M: AIN-93M diet; LC: low carbohydrate diet; LC/AIN-93M: low carbohydrate diet changed to AIN-93M diet; LC/KD: low carbohydrate diet changed to ketogenic diet; LC/KDCu: low carbohydrate diet changed to ketogenic diet and curcumin.