Table 2.
Distribution of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis infections in the study sample.
| Variables | Total n = 3,418,028 (100%) | Chlamydia n = 64,443 (1.9%) |
No Chlamydia n = 3,353,585 (98.1%) |
p Value | Gonorrhea n = 10,913 (0.3%) |
No Gonorrhea n = 3,407,115 (99.7%) |
p Value | Syphilis n = 4,984 (0.2%) |
No Syphilis n = 3,413,044 (99.8%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1,771,810 (51.8) | 20,006 (31.0) | 1,751,804 (52.2) | 3151 (28.9) | 1,768,659 (51.9) | 1214 (24.4) | 1,770,596 (51.9) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 492,347 (14.4) | 21,109 (32.8) | 471,238 (14.1) | 5007 (45.9) | 487,340 (14.3) | 1986 (39.9) | 490,361 (14.4) | |||
| Hispanic | 821,938 (24.1) | 18,373 (28.5) | 803,565 (24.0) | 1815 (16.6) | 820,123 (24.1) | 1383 (27.7) | 820,555 (24.0) | |||
| Other races a | 331,933 (9.7) | 4955 (7.7) | 326,978 (9.7) | 940 (8.6) | 330,993 (9.7) | 401 (8.0) | 331,532 (9.7) | |||
| Age, years | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| <20 | 160,462 (4.7) | 12,210 (18.9) | 148,252 (4.4) | 1861 (17.0) | 158,601 (4.6) | 330 (6.6) | 160,132 (4.7) | |||
| 20–24 | 648,561 (19.0) | 27,006 (41.9) | 621,555 (18.5) | 4182 (38.3) | 644,379 (18.9) | 1258 (25.2) | 647,303 (19.0) | |||
| 25–29 | 987,732 (28.9) | 15,725 (24.4) | 972,007 (29.0) | 2900 (26.6) | 984,832 (28.9) | 1528 (30.7) | 986,204 (28.9) | |||
| 30–34 | 991,083 (29.0) | 6741 (10.5) | 984,342 (29.4) | 1429 (13.1) | 989,654 (29.1) | 1133 (22.7) | 989,950 (29.0) | |||
| ≥35 | 630,190 (18.4) | 2761 (4.3) | 627,429 (18.7) | 541 (5.0) | 629,649 (18.5) | 735 (14.8) | 629,455 (18.4) | |||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| High school or less | 1,310,103 (38.3) | 45,076 (69.9) | 1,265,027 (37.7) | 8029 (73.6) | 1,302,074 (38.2) | 3388 (68.0) | 1,306,715 (38.3) | |||
| Some college | 960,312 (28.1) | 15,837 (24.6) | 944,475 (28.2) | 2416 (22.1) | 957,896 (28.1) | 1211 (24.3) | 959,101 (28.1) | |||
| Bachelor’s or higher | 1,147,613 (33.6) | 3530 (5.5) | 1,144,083 (34.1) | 468 (4.3) | 1,147,145 (33.7) | 385 (7.7) | 1,147,228 (33.6) | |||
| Marital status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Married | 1,808,138 (52.9) | 9975 (15.5) | 1,798,163 (53.6) | 1207 (11.1) | 1,806,931 (53.0) | 991 (19.9) | 1,807,147 (53.0) | |||
| Unmarried | 1,609,890 (47.1) | 54,468 (84.5) | 1,555,422 (46.4) | 9706 (88.9) | 1,600,184 (47.0) | 3993 (80.1) | 1,605,897 (47.0) | |||
| Health insurance | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Medicaid/other public | 1,551,545 (45.4) | 49,945 (77.5) | 1,501,600 (44.8) | 9080 (83.2) | 1,542,465 (45.3) | 3951 (79.2) | 1,547,594 (45.4) | |||
| Private | 1,718,709 (50.3) | 12,225 (19.0) | 1,706,484 (50.9) | 1577 (14.5) | 1,717,132 (50.4) | 834 (16.8) | 1,717,875 (50.3) | |||
| Self-pay/None | 147,774 (4.3) | 2273 (3.5) | 145,501 (4.3) | 256 (2.3) | 147,518 (4.3) | 199 (4.0) | 147,575 (4.3) | |||
| Parity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Primipara | 1,327,038 (38.8) | 30,858 (47.9) | 1,296,180 (38.7) | 4222 (38.7) | 1,322,816 (38.8) | 1549 (31.1) | 1,325,489 (38.8) | |||
| Multipara | 2,090,990 (61.2) | 33,585 (52.1) | 2,057,405 (61.3) | 6691 (61.3) | 2,084,299 (61.2) | 3435 (68.9) | 2,087,555 (61.2) | |||
| Prior preterm birth | 120,950 (3.5) | 3056 (4.7) | 117,894 (3.5) | <0.001 | 700 (6.4) | 120,250 (3.5) | <0.001 | 358 (7.2) | 120,592 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 234,066 (6.8) | 3223 (5.0) | 230,843 (6.9) | <0.001 | 487 (4.5) | 233,579 (6.8) | <0.001 | 347 (7.0) | 233,719 (6.8) | 0.747 |
| Gestational hypertension | 258,728 (7.6) | 6075 (9.4) | 252,653 (7.5) | <0.001 | 977 (9.0) | 257,751 (7.6) | <0.001 | 529 (10.6) | 258,199 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 203,417 (5.9) | 8122 (12.6) | 195,425 (5.8) | <0.001 | 2293 (21.0) | 201,124 (5.9) | <0.001 | 758 (15.2) | 202,659 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| PNC utilization status b | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| PNC adequate | 1,892,747 (55.4) | 26,836 (41.6) | 1,865,911 (55.6) | 4066 (37.2) | 1,888,681 (55.4) | 1911 (38.3) | 1,890,836 (55.4) | |||
| PNC inadequate | 764,612 (44.6) | 23,535 (58.4) | 741,077 (44.4) | 4276 (62.8) | 760,336 (44.6) | 2032 (61.7) | 762,580 (44.6) | |||
| Infant sex | 0.108 | 0.9115 | 0.921 | |||||||
| Male | 1,749,365 (51.2) | 32,782 (50.9) | 1,716,583 (51.2) | 5590 (51.2) | 1,743,775 (51.2) | 2547 (51.1) | 1,746,818 (51.2) | |||
| Female | 1,668,663 (48.8) | 31,661 (49.1) | 1,637,002 (48.8) | 5323 (48.8) | 1,663,340 (48.8) | 2437 (48.9) | 1,666,226 (48.8) |
a Other races: Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander or mixed races; b PNC: prenatal care; PNC adequate: early and >10 visits; PNC inadequate: late and ≤10 visits.