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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Lumbar spine lateral view after L4–S1 TLIF surgery of a 53-year-old man. Six months postoperatively, the arrows revealed radiolucency ≥1 mm around pedicle screws of L4, indicating screw loosening.