(A–C) Plots of the fractional potential drop profiles calculated using Eqs. 28–31 for the (A) uncoupled case with Cf = 0 and for the (B and C) coupled case with Cf ≠ 0. The fractional potential drops are represented as γsc (black solid lines), γsurf (blue dashed lines), and γelec (red solid lines). For the coupled case, the fractional potential drops have to be calculated separately for (B) the forward and (C) the reverse sweeps since the chosen Cf values (Insets) are different in the forward and reverse sweeps. The full list of physical parameters is contained in SI Appendix, Table S1. (D) Calculated total capacitance, CT, vs. applied potential using the specific γsc, γelec, and γsurf values from (solid black lines) A and from (dashed black lines) B and C.